SOUTH DAKOTA

13 MILES SOUTH AND 6 MILES WEST OF BUFFALO

HELL CREEK FORMATION

LANCIAN AGE

UPPER MAASTRICHTIAN STAGE

UPPERMOST SENONIAN SUBEPOCH

UPPER GULF EPOCH

LATE CRETACEOUS

STEM: TETRAPODA GOODRICH, 1930

SUPERCLASS: AMNIOTA HAECKEL, 1866

CLASS: AVES LINNAEUS, 1758

AVEBREVICAUDA PAUL, 2001

SUBCLASS: ODONTORNITHES MARSH, 1873

INFRACLASS: ODONTOHOLCAE NOVA

MAGNORDER: HESPERORNITHES

ORDER: HESPERORNITHIFORMES FURBRINGER, 1888

Family: BRODAVIDAE Martin, Kurochkin & Tokaryk, 2012

*Baptornis baileyi

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SOUTH DAKOTA

TURTLE GRAVEYARD LOCALITY

HELL CREEK FORMATION

LANCIAN AGE

UPPER MAASTRICHTIAN STAGE

UPPERMOST SENONIAN SUBEPOCH

UPPER GULF EPOCH

LATE CRETACEOUS

STEM: TETRAPODA GOODRICH, 1930

SUPERCLASS: AMNIOTA HAECKEL, 1866

CLASS: REPTILIA LAURENTI, 1768

SUBCLASS: CHELONOMORPHA KUHN, 1960

SUPERCOHORT: TESTUDINES LINNAEUS, 1758

COHORT: CASICHELYDIA emend GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MAGANORDER: CRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUPERORDER: SELMACRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY, HUTCHISON, JENKINS & MEEKR, 1987

GRANDORDER: DAIOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MICRORDER: BAENOIDEA WILLIAMS, 1960

Family: BAENIDAE Cope, 1882

Cedorbaena putorius

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SUPERCLASS: AMNIOTA HAECKEL, 1866

CLASS: REPTILIA LAURENTI, 1768

SUBCLASS: DIAPSIDA OSBORN, 1904

SUPERLEGION: NEODIAPSIDA BENTON, 1985

LEGION: ARCHOSAUROMORPHA HUENE, 1946

SUBLEGION: DINOSAUROMORPHA BENTON & NORMAN IN BENTON, 1985

INFRALEGION: DINOSAURIFORMES NOVAS, 1992

SUPERCOHORT: DINOSAURIA OWEN, 1842

COHORT: ORNITHISCHIFORMES COOPER, 1985

MAGNORDER: ORNITHISCHIA SEELEY, 1888

SUPERORDER: NEORNITHISCHIA COOPER, 1985

GRANDORDER: ORNITHOPODA MARSH, 1871

MICRORDER: MARGINOCEPHALIA SERENO, 1986

ORDER: PACHYCEPHALOSAURIA MARYANSKA & OSMOLSKA, 1974

SUBORDER: DOMOCEPHALINIA SERENO, 1986

INFRAORDER: PACHYCEPHALOSAURIA (MARYANSKA & OSMOLSKA, 1974) COOPER, 1985

Family: PACHYCEPHALOSAURIDAE Sternberg, 1945

Subfamily: PACHYCEPHALOSAURINAE Sternberg, 1945 (sensu Sereno, 1998)

*Dracorex hogwartsia

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NW SOUTH DAKOTA

HELL CREEK FORMATION

LANCIAN AGE

UPPER MAASTRICHTIAN STAGE

UPPERMOST SENONIAN SUBEPOCH

UPPER UPPER GULF EPOCH

LATE CRETACEOUS

STEM: TETRAPODA GOODRICH, 1930

SUPERCLASS: AMNIOTA HAECKEL, 1866

CLASS: AMPHIBIA LINNAEUS, 1758

SUBCLASS: LISSAMPHIBIA, HAECKEL, 1866?

SUPERORDER: BATRACHIA BRONGNIART, 1800

ORDER: CAUDATA SCOPOLI, 1777

SUBORDER: PORTEOIDEA (NOBEL 1931) EMEND EDWARDS, 1976

Family: BATRACHOSAUROIDIDAE Auffenberg, 1958

Opisthotriton kayi

Prodesmodon copei

SUBORDER: AMBYSTOMATOIDEA NOBLE, 1931

Family: SCAPHERPETONTIDAE Auffenberg & Goin, 1959

Lisserpeton bairdi

Scapherpeton tectum

SUBORDER: SALAMANDROIDEA NOBLE, 1931

Family: SIRENIDAE Gray, 1825

Habrosaurus dilatus

SUPERORDER: SALIENTIA LAURENTI, 1768

ORDER: ANURA RAFINESQUE, 1815

SUBORDER: DISCOGLOSSOIDEI SOKOL, 1977

Family: DISCOGLOSSIDAE Guenther, 1859

Incertae sedis

Scotophryne putulosa

CLASS: REPTILIA LAURENTI, 1768

SUBCLASS: CHELONOMORPHA KUHN, 1960

SUPERCOHORT: TESTUDINES LINNAEUS, 1758

COHORT: CASICHELYDIA emend GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MAGANORDER: CRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUPERORDER: SELMACRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY, HUTCHISON, JENKINS & MEEKR, 1987

GRANDORDER: DAIOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MICRORDER: BAENOIDEA WILLIAMS, 1960

Family: BAENIDAE Cope, 1882

Subfamily: PALATOBAENINAE Gaffney, 1972

Palatobaena bairdi

MICRORDER: CENTROCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

ORDER: POLYCRPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUBORDER: PROCOELOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

INFRAORDER: CHELOMACRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

PARVORDER: TRIONYCHIDA GRAY, 1870

Superfamily: TRIONYCHIDEA Bell, 1828 (sensu Gray, 1870)

Family: NANHSIUNGCHELYIDAE Yeh, 1966

Basilemys sp

Family: TRIONYCHIDAE Bell, 1828

Helopanoplia distincta

*Trionyx davidi
Trionyx sp

Family: ADOCIDAE Cope, 1870

Adocus sp

SUBCLASS: DIAPSIDA OSBORN, 1904

INFRACLASS: NEODIAPSIDA BENTON, 1985

LEGION: LEPIDOSAUROMORPHA DUMERIL & BIBRON, 1839

SUBLEGION: LEPIDOSAURIA HAECKEL, 1866 (DUMERIL & BIBRON, 1839)

MAGNORDER: SQUAMATA OPPEL, 1811

SUPERORDER: LACERTILIA OWEN, 1842

GRANDORDER: ASCALABOTA GILMORE, 1928

ORDER: IGUANIA LATREILLE, 1825

SUBORDER: DRACOMORPHA NORTHCUTT, 1978

INFRAORDER: TEIUMORPHA ALIFANOV, 2000

Family: TEIIDAE Gray, 1827

Subfamily: CHAMOPSINAE Denton & O’Neill 1995

Chamops segnis

Leptochamops denticulatus

GRANDORDER: SCINCOGEKKONOMORPHA SUKHANOV, 1961

MICRORDER: SCINCOMORPHA CAMP, 1923

ORDER: ANGUIMORPHA FURBRINGER, 1900

SUBORDER: PLATYNOTA GILMORE, 1928

INFRAORDER: HELODERMOIDA COPE, 1900

Family: HELODERMATIDAE Gray, 1837

Paraderma bogerti

SUBORDER: DIPLOGLOSSA COPE, 1864

INFRAORDER: THECAGLOSSA COPE, 1890

PARVORDER: MONSTERSAURIA NORELL & GAO, 1977

Superfamily: VARANOIDEA Gray, 1827 (sensu Camp, 1923)

Family: PARASANIWIDAE Estes, 1964

Parasaniwa wyomingensis

SUPERORDER: SERPENTES LINNAEUS, 1759

ORDER: OPHIDIA BRONGNIART, 1800

SUBORDER: ALETHINOPHIDIA NOPCSCA, 1923

Superfamily: ANILIODEA Fitzinger, 1826

Family: ANILIIDAE Fitzenger, 1826

Coniophis precedens

LEGION: ARCHOSAUROMORPHA HUENE, 1946

SUPERCOHORT: CRUROTARSI SERENO & ARCUCCI, 1990

COHORT: CROCODYLOTARSI BENTON & CLARK, 1988

MAGNORDER: SUCHIA KREBS, 1974

SUPERORDER: CROCODYLOMORPHA WALKER, 1968

GRANDORDER: CROCODILIFORMES HAY, 1930

MICRORDER: MESOEUROCROCODYLIA WHETSTONE & WHYBROW, 1983

ORDER: EUSUCHIA emend HUXLEY, 1875

Family: BOREALOSUCHIDAE emend BROCHU, 1999

Borealosuchus sp
= Leidyosuchus sp

INFRAORDER: CROCODYLIA emend GMELIN, 1877

PARVORDER: BREVIROSTRES

Superfamily: ALLIGATORIDEA Buffetaut, 1985

GLOBIDONTA BROUCHU, 1999

Family: ALLIGATORIDAE Gray, 1844

Brachychampsa sp

SUBLEGION: DINOSAUROMORPHA BENTON & NORMAN IN BENTON, 1985

INFRALEGION: DINOSAURIFORMES NOVAS, 1992

SUPERCOHORT: DINOSAURIA OWEN, 1842

COHORT: THEROPODA EMEND MARSH, 1881

AVEPODA PAUL, 2002

SUPERORDER: NEOTHEROPODA BAKKER, 1986

GRANDORDER: TETANURAE GAUTHIER, 1986

MICRORDER: COELUROSAURIA HUENE, 1914

ORDER: MANIRAPTORFORMES HOLTZ, 1996

AVETHEROPODA PAUL, 2001

SUBORDER: COELURIA MARSH, 1881

Superfamily: TYRANNOSAUROIDEA Osborn, 1906 (sensu Bonaparte et. al., 1990)

Family: TYRANNOSAURIDAE Osborn, 1906
Subfamily: TYRANNOSAURINAE Osborn, 1906

Tribe: TYRANNOSAURINI Osborn, 1906 (sensu Olshevsky, Ford & Yamamoto, 1995)

Nanotyrannus lancensis
= Gorgosaurus lancensis
= Albertosaurus lancensis
= Albertosaurus (Nanotyrannus) lancensis

SUBORDER: ORNITHOMIMOSAURIA BARSBOLD, 1976

Family: ORNITHOMIMIDAE Marsh, 1890

Incertae sedis

Gen. sp indet.

AVEPECTORA PAUL, 2001

SUBORDER: MANIRAPTORA GAUTHIER, 1986

INFRAORDER: PARVES SERENO, 1997

PARVORDER: DEINONYCHOSAURIA COLBERT & D. A. RUSSELL, 1969

Incertae sedis

Paronychodon lacustris

Family: DROMAEOSAURIDAE Matthew & Brown, 1922

Subfamily: DROMAEOSAURINAE Matthew & Brown, 1922

Dromaeosaurus albertensis

Family: TROODONTIDAE Gilmore, 1924

Troodon sp

COHORT: ORNITHISCHIFORMES COOPER, 1985

MAGNORDER: ORNITHISCHIA SEELEY, 1888

SUPERORDER: NEORNITHISCHIA COOPER, 1985

GRANDORDER: ORNITHOPODA MARSH, 1871

MICRORDER: EUORNITHOPODA SERENO, 1986

ORDER: IGUANODONTIA DOLLO, 1888

Family: THESCELOSAURIDAE Sternberg, 1937

Thescelosaurus sp

SUBORDER: ANKYLOPOLLEXIA SERENO, 1986

INFRAORDER: STYRACOSTERNA SERENO, 1986

PARVORDER: HADROSAURIFORMES SERENO, 1997

SUPERFAMILY: HADROSAUROIDEA COPE, 1869 (SENSU SERENO, 1986)

Family: HADROSAURIDAE COPE, 1869

Subfamily: HADROSAURINAE Cope, 1869 (sensu Lambe, 1918)

Tribe: EDMONTOSAURINI Brett-Surman vide Chapman & Brett-Surman, 1990

Edmontosaurus sp

Subfamily: LAMBEOSAURINAE Parks, 1923

Tribe: PARASAUROLOPHINI Brett-Surman vide Chapman & Brett-Surman, 1990

Parasaurolophus sp?

MICRORDER: MARGINOCEPHALIA SERENO, 1986

ORDER: PACHYCEPHALOSAURIA MARYANSKA & OSMOLSKA, 1974

SUBORDER: DOMOCEPHALINIA SERENO, 1986

INFRAORDER: PACHYCEPHALOSAURIA (MARYANSKA & OSMOLSKA, 1974) COOPER, 1985

Family: PACHYCEPHALOSAURIDAE Sternberg, 1945

Gen. sp indet.

ORDER: CERATOPIA MARSH, 1890

SUBORDER: NEOCERATOPIA SERENO, 1986

INFRAORDER: CORONOSAURIA SERENO, 1986

PARVORDER: CERATOPOMORPHA Wolfe & Kirkland, 1998 (emend)

Superfamily: CERATOPOIDEA Marsh, 1888 (sensu Hay, 1902)

Family: CERATOPIDAE Marsh, 1888

Subfamily: CERATOPIINAE Marsh, 1888 (sensu Abel, 1919)

Tribe: TRICERATOPINI nova

Triceratops prorsus

SUPERORDER: EURYOPDA SERENO, 1986

GRANDORDER: ARMATOSAURIA ZHAO, 1983 (emend)

ORDER: ANKYLOSAURIA OSBORN, 1923

SUBORDER: SCELIDOSAURIA COOPER, 1985

INFRAORDER: ANKYLOSAURA OSBORN, 1923

Family: NODOSAURIDAE Marsh, 1890

Palaeoscincus sp

VETEROVATA

OOSUPERCOHORT: DINOSAURIOVUM VIALOV, 1975

OOCOHORT: THEROPODA NOVA

oofamily: ELONGATOOLITHIDAE Zhao, 1975

Gen. sp indet.
= Tyrannosaurus rex?

SOUTH DAKOTA

HELL CREEK FORMATION

LANCIAN AGE

UPPER MAASTRICHTIAN STAGE

UPPERMOST SENONIAN SUBEPOCH

UPPER UPPER GULF EPOCH

LATE CRETACEOUS

STEM: TETRAPODA GOODRICH, 1930

SUPERCLASS: AMNIOTA HAECKEL, 1866

CLASS: REPTILIA LAURENTI, 1768

SUBCLASS: DIAPSIDA OSBORN, 1904

SUPERLEGION: NEODIAPSIDA BENTON, 1985

LEGION: ARCHOSAUROMORPHA HUENE, 1946

SUBLEGION: DINOSAUROMORPHA BENTON & NORMAN IN BENTON, 1985

INFRALEGION: DINOSAURIFORMES NOVAS, 1992

SUPERCOHORT: DINOSAURIA OWEN, 1842

COHORT: THEROPODA EMEND MARSH, 1881

AVEPODA PAUL, 2002

SUPERORDER: NEOTHEROPODA BAKKER, 1986

GRANDORDER: TETANURAE GAUTHIER, 1986

MICRORDER: COELUROSAURIA HUENE, 1914

ORDER: MANIRAPTORFORMES HOLTZ, 1996

AVETHEROPODA PAUL, 2001

SUBORDER: COELURIA MARSH, 1881

Superfamily: TYRANNOSAUROIDEA Osborn, 1906 (sensu Bonaparte et. al., 1990)

Family: TYRANNOSAURIDAE Osborn, 1906
Subfamily: TYRANNOSAURINAE Osborn, 1906

Tribe: TYRANNOSAURINI Osborn, 1906 (sensu Olshevsky, Ford & Yamamoto, 1995)

Tyrannosaurus rex

COHORT: ORNITHISCHIFORMES COOPER, 1985

MAGNORDER: ORNITHISCHIA SEELEY, 1888

SUPERORDER: NEORNITHISCHIA COOPER, 1985

GRANDORDER: ORNITHOPODA MARSH, 1871

MICRORDER: MARGINOCEPHALIA SERENO, 1986

ORDER: CERATOPIA MARSH, 1890

SUBORDER: NEOCERATOPIA SERENO, 1986

INFRAORDER: CORONOSAURIA SERENO, 1986

PARVORDER: CERATOPOMORPHA Wolfe & Kirkland, 1998 (emend)

Superfamily: CERATOPOIDEA Marsh, 1888 (sensu Hay, 1902)

Family: CERATOPIDAE Marsh, 1888

Subfamily: CERATOPIINAE Marsh, 1888 (sensu Abel, 1919)

Tribe: TRICERATOPINI nova

Triceratops horridus

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