Species: regalis MARSH, 1872
Etymology: Latin, regalia, "royal."

Lectotype: YPM 1200

Locality: Probable locality Goblin Hollow, Russall Springs, Kansas. (Note: Originally Smoky Hill River, 20 miles east of Wallace (Type Locality), and Two Mile Creek, Smoky Hill River, Logan County, Kansas.) EVERHART, 2011

Horizon: Smoky Hill Member, Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Santonian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material: Nearly complete skeleton.

After, CHATTERJEE, 2002, BUHLER et al, 1988, & MARSH, 1880

Referred material:

YPM 1206: Skull and skeleton.

 

Locality: ?

Horizon: ?

Biostratigraphy: ?

Age: ?

Material:

YPM 1207: Nearly complete skeleton.

 

YPM 1472, 1476, 1477: Fragmentary skeleton.

KU 2287: Skull.

USNM 4978: Skull, mandibles and skeleton.

YPM 1207: Quadrate and the occiput.

YPM 903: Proximal extremity of the right ramus.

Plus 29 other specimens.

WITMER, 1990

LACM 123817: Isolated left maxilla.

 

Locality: Near Smoky Hill River, 12 miles east of Fort Wallace, Logan County, Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Member, Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Coniacian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

YPM 1205:

 

/WETMORE, 1940

Locality: Two Mile Creek, Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Member, Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Coniacian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

BUHLER, MARTIN & WITMER, 1988

Locality: Logan County, Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Member, Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Santonian or Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

KUVP 71012: Skull.

 

= Hesperornis cf. regalis FOX, 1974

Locality: Approximately 25 miles (40 km) north of Medicine Hat, from rock exposures along the South Saskatchewan River, Cypress County, Alberta Province, Canada.

Horizon: Uppermost Foremost Formation, Lower Judith River Group.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Campanian Stage, Upper Senonian Subepoch, Upper Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

UA 9716: A nearly complete left tarsometatarsus, lacking only condyles from digits II and III.

 

BARDACK, 1968

Locality: E1/2 Sec. 26, Tp. 4, Rge. 7W of Principal Meridian, Manitoba Province, Canada.

Horizon: Pembina Member, Vermilion River Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Upper Senonian Subepoch, Upper Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FM PA 216: Fragment of tibia.

FM PA 217: Right femur and tibia.

FM PA 218: 5 vertebrae.

 

Locality: S1/2 Sec. 14, Tp. 6, Rge. 8W, Manitoba Province, Canada.

Horizon: Boyne Member, Vermilion River Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Upper Senonian Subepoch, Upper Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FM PA 219: Right and left femora, part of tibia, tarsometatarsus, skull fragment and 7 incomplete dorsal vertebrae.

 

Locality: Near Thornhill, Manitoba, Canada.

Horizon: Pembina Member, Vermilion River Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Upper Senonian Subepoch, Upper Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

MMMN P 532: Right femur.

 

FOX, 1974

Locality: South Dakota.

Horizon: Pierre shale.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Upper Senonian Subepoch, Upper Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

LYDEKKER, 1891

Locality: Not given.

Horizon: Not given.

Biostratigraphy:

Age:

Material:

BMNH A.19: Cast of a portion of the left ramus of the mandible, showing three teeth.

BMNH A.20: Cast of a fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, showing the imperfect dental alveoli.

BMNH A.21: Cast of the axis vertebra.

BMNH A.22: Cast of fourth cervical vertebra.

BMNH A.23: Cast of the twelfth cervical vertebra.

BMNH A.24: Cast of the fifteenth cervical vertebra.

BMNH A.25: Cast of the first dorsal vertebra.

BMNH A.26: Cast of the eighth dorsal vertebra.

BMNH A.27: Cast of the fifth dorsal vertebra.

BMNH. A.28: Cast of a caudal vertebra.

BMNH A.29: Cast of a slab of rock, showing the left lateral, ventral, and dorsal aspects of the pelvis and sacrum.

BMNH A.30: Cast of the left femur.

BMNH A.31: Cast of the left tibio-tarsus, in a crushed condition.

BMNH A.32: Cast of the left patella.

BMNH A.33: Cast of the left tarso-metatarsus.

BMNH A.34-43: Cast of the phalangeals of the left pes, and of the metatarsal of the hallux.

 

MARTIN & VARNER, 1992, MARTIN, SCHUMACHER, PARRIS & GRANDSTAFF, 1998

Locality: SDSM V919, South Dakota.

Horizon: Upper Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Upper Senonian Subepoch, Upper Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

SDSM 25505: Left femur, tibiotarsus, and fibula.

 

 

Locality: SDSM V8922, South Dakota.

Horizon: 1 meter below the Niobrara/Pierre contact.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

SDSM 32689: Proximal portion of left femur, distal portion of tibiotarsus, fibula, tarsometarsus and 2 phalanges.

 

Locality: SDSM V9614, South Dakota.

Horizon: 2 meters below Niobrara/Pierre contact.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

SDSM 32716: Portions of tibiotarus, distal portion of tarsometatarsus.

 

NICHOLLS, 1988

Locality: Manitoba Province, Canada.

Horizon: Pembina Member, Vermilion River Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Upper Senonian Subepoch, Upper Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

B77.01.06: Partial Skeleton.

B00.18.00, B00.19.00, B00.20.00, B00.21.00, B00.22.00, B00.23.00, B00.24.00, B00.25.00, B00.26.00, B0028.00, B00.34.00, B00.38.00, B00.39.00, B0041.00, B00.42.00, B0054.00, B75.01.06, B76.03.06, B78.01.08, B78.02.07, B79.05.13, B79.07.12, B80.04.14, B81.02.16, B81.04.16, B82.03.17, B82.06.03, B82.08.17(two specimens), B82.15.17, B83.02.18, B83.03.18, B83.04.18, B84.02.03, B84.04.18 (Two specimens), FMNH PA 218, FMNH PA 288, ROM unnumbered, MMMN tow unnumbered specimens: Fragmentary specimens.

B78.02.07, B81.04.16, B84.04.18: Juvenile specimens.

 

NICHOLLS, 1988

Locality: South Dakota.

Horizon: Sharon Springs Member, Pierre Shale.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Upper Lower to Lower Middle Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Upper Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous

Material:

FMNH PA 32 (3 specimens), FMNH PA 197, 206, 215, 281, 282, 284, 313, SDSM 533, 551, 667, 4615, 5312, 5313, 5790, 53506, 63687, UCMP V75011/11316, /123259:

 

RUSSELL, 1967

Locality: No. P6502C, Lower Anderson River Area, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territory, Canada.

Horizon: Not given.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

NMC 10431: Fragment of right tarsometatarsal.

 

Locality: No. P6502D, Lower Anderson River Area, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territory, Canada.

Horizon: Not given.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

NMC 10432: Fragments of left tibia (?) and tarsometatarsal.

NMC 10433: Left tarsometatarsal.

 

Locality: No. P6502E, Lower Anderson River Area, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territory, Canada.

Horizon: Not given.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

NMC 10434A: First sacral vertebra, fragments of both tibiae.

NMC 10434B: 4 dorsal vertebrae, fragments of sacrum and pelvis, both femora, left tibia, and left tarsometatarsal.

NMC 10446: 5th dorsal vertebra.

 

Locality: No. P6502H, Lower Anderson River Area, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territory, Canada.

Horizon: Not given.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

NMC 10437: Fragments of left tarsometatarsal.

 

Locality: No. P6502M, Lower Anderson River Area, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territory, Canada.

Horizon: Not given.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

NMC 10441: Fragments of sternum and sternal ribs, right femur, and tibial shaft.

NMC 10442: Fragment of left tarsometatarsal.

NMC 10551: Fragment of pracetabular portion of pelvis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Species: crassipes (MARSH, 1876) BRODKORB, 1963
Etymology: Latin, crassus, "dense, thick" and Latin, pes, "foot."
= Lestornis crassipes MARSH, 1876

Holotype: YPM 1474

Locality: Plum Creek, Gove County, Western Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Member, Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Coniacian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material: Portion of skull and greater portion of the skeleton.

Referred material:

LYDEKKER, 1891

BMNH A.44: Cast of a slab of rock showing the ventral aspect of the sternum.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Species: gracilis MARSH, 1876
Etymology: Latin, gracilis, "slender."
= Hargeria gracilis (MARSH, 1876) LUCAS, 1903

Holotype: YPM 1473 (KUVP 2287 (YPM 1478 BRODKORB, 1963, left tarsometatarsus)

Locality: Near Smoky Hill River, probably Wallace County, Western Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Member, Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Coniacian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material: Skull, left jaw and skeleton.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Species: rossicus NESOV & YARKOV, 1993
Etymology: Latin, rossicus, rossica, "Russia"; refers to the country, where a new species was collected.
= Hesperornis rossica NESOV & YARKOV, 1993

Holotype: VPM 26306/2

Locality: Tzimlyanskoe reservoir, Don river, between Rychkovo and the 278 km Station, Surovikinskii District, south-west region of the Volgograd province, Central south European Russia.

Horizon: Unnamed Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Belemnellocamax mammillatus zone, Upper zone.

Age: Early Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material: Proximal tarsometatarsus.

Referred material:

Number: Not given: Shaft of a tarsometatrsus, an intermediate phalanx of the 4th pedial digit, a fragment of a thoracic vertebra, and a fragment of a cervical vertebra.

 

Locality: Scone, Skane (Scania) Province, Sweden.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Early Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

Number: Not given: Fragment of the proximal end of a right tarsometarsus.

= Hesperornis sp KUROCHKIN, 2000/ NESOV & YARKOV, 1993

Locality: Don river, between Rychkovo and the 278 km Station, Surovikinskii District, south-west region of the Volgograd province, Central south Russia.

Horizon: Unnamed Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Belemnellocamax mammillatus zone, Upper zone.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Early Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

ZIN PO 5099: Fragment of the proximal end of a left tarsometatrasus.

 

PANTELEYEV, POPOV & AVERIANOV, 2005

Locality: Karyakino, Tatishchevo District, Saratov Province, European Russia.

Horizon: Rybushka Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Early Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

ZIN PO 5464: A nearly compelte left tarsometatarus lacking condyle for digit II.

ZIN PO 5463: Distal portion of the left tarsometatarsus broken at the base of the digit II condyle adn lacking condyles for digits II and III.

 

REES & LINDGREN, 2005

Locality: Ivo Klack, Kristianstad Basin, Skane (Scania) Province, Sweden.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy: Belemnellocamax mammillatus zone.

Age: Latest Early Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

RM PZ R398, SGU 3442 Ve01: Two tarsometarsi.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Species: chowi MARTIN & LIM, 2002
Etymology: In honor of Minchen Chow who as much as anybody was responsible for China’s present pre-eminence in paleontology.

Holotype: PU 17208

Locality: Sec. 7, T.25.W, R.9.E., Pennington County, South Dakota.

Horizon: Sharon Springs (lower) Member), Pierre Shale Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material: Right tarsometatarsus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: bairdi MARTIN & LIM, 2002
Etymology: In honor of Donald Baird who called the senior author’s attention to this material and greatly assisted its study.

Holotype: PU 17208A

Locality: Sec. 7, T.25.W, R.9.E., Pennington County, South Dakota.

Horizon: Sharon Springs (lower) Member), Pierre Shale Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material: Left tarsometatarsus and partial pelvis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: mengeli MARTIN & LIM, 2002
Etymology: In honor of Robert Mengel who was a great help to the senior author and a great ornithologist.

Holotype: BO 780106

Locality: Bentonite quarries near Morden, Southern Manitoba Province, Canada.

Horizon: Sharon Springs (lower) Member), Pierre Shale Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material: Right tarsometatarsus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: macdonaldi MARTIN & LIM, 2002
Etymology: In honor of Reid Macdonald in recognition of his many contributions to vertebrate paleontology.

Holotype: LACM 9728

Locality: Buffalo Gap, Custer County, Southwestern South Dakota.

Horizon: Sharon Springs (lower) Member), Pierre Shale Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material: Right femur.