Genus: Brontosaurus MARSH, 1879
Etymology: Greek, bronte, “thunder”, and Greek, sauros, “lizard”: “thunder
lizard”.
= Bronotosaurus LANGSTON, 1974 (sic)
= Brontasaurus McINTOSH & BERMAN, 1975 (sic)
= Brontsasaurus STOKES, 1988 (sic)
= Eobrontosaurus BAKKER, 1998
Etymology: Greek, eo,“dawn,” + Brontosaurus.
= Elosaurus PETERSON & GILMORE,
1902 (Juvenile)
Etymology: Greek, helos, “swamp, marsh”, and Greek, sauros, “lizard”: “Swamp
lizard”.
Species: excelsus MARSH, 1879
Etymology: Latin, excelsus, "lofty, high, elevated."
= Apatosaurus excelsus (MARSH, 1879) RIGGS,
1903
= Atlantosaurus excelsus (MARSH, 1879)
STEEL, 1970
= Brontosaurus giganteus ANONYMOUS, 1898
Holotype: YPM 1980
Locality: Reed's YPM Quarry 10, T22N, R77W, Sec. 12, Como Bluff, Albany County, Wyoming.
Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Skeleton lacking skull, first few cervicals, posterior half of the tail, ulna, and all the bones of both the manus and pes except the astragalus.
Referred material:
FORSTER & SPAMER, 1986
Locality: Canon City, Fremont County, Colorado.
Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Wagber Free Institute of Science, 17th Street & Montgomery Avenue, Philadelphia, WFIS 4123: 2 femora, pelvis and the first 3 caudal vertebrae.
= Apatosaurus (Brontosaurus) excelsus FULLER, 2009
Locality: Dana Quarry, Ten Sleep, Washakie County, Wyoming.
Horizon: Member?, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age? Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given "Einstein": Skull and skeleton.
McINTOSH, 1981Locality: Quarry E, Sheep Creek, Albany County, Wyoming.
Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
CM 37010: Left astratalus, claw of pes.
CM 21785: Left femur, metacarpal and 10 caudal belonging to a skeleton largely discarded. A caudal and the right femur have been transferred to Duuesne University (DU 11).
Locality: Quarry A, Sheep Creek, Albany County, Wyoming.Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
CM 21740: 7 anterior caudals, left pubis, right ischium, right femur, and right tibia. The femur has been transferred to the Royal Ontario Museum.
Locality: Quarry F, Sheep Creek, Albany County, Wyoming.Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
CM 1188: Sacrum, right ilium, 5 anterior caudal centra.
Locality: Quarry B, Sheep Creek, Albany County, Wyoming.Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
CM 33994: Proximal extremity of a truly colossal femur, rivaling the size of the gigantic "Atlantosaurus immanis".
Locality: Reed’s Quarry 4, (Truckstop Quarry) Sheep Creek, Como Bluff, Como Bluff East (East of Marshall road), Albany County, Wyoming.Horizon: Upper Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.
Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, Uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
CM 87: 2 dorsals, 3 caudals, left pubis, ischia, left femur, fragment of limb. On dorsal has been transferred to the University of Michigan (V 16777)
Locality: Sheep Creek, Albany County, Wyoming.Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
CM 595: Caudal centrum of a very young animal.
Locality: Quarry 5, Sheep Creek, Albany County, Wyoming.Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
CM 89: Complete right pes with astragalus.
Locality: Quarry D, also referred to as Quarry 3 of 1899, Sheep Creek, Albany County, Wyoming.Horizon: Upper Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.
Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, Uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
CM 555, 556: A right radius and ulna (CM 555), and a left tibia-fibula-astragalus (CM 556) together with 11 cervicals.
Locality: Quarry J, Sheep Creek, Albany County, Wyoming.Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
CM 577: 2 distal caudals.
Locality: Bone Cabin Quarry, 8 miles north of Como, Medicine Bow Anticline (also called Flat top Anticline), Albany County, Wyoming.Horizon: Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.
Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, Uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
CM 21748: Left astragalus.
Locality: Bone Cabin Quarry East (Eastward extension of old Bone Cabin Quarry), 8 miles north of Como, Medicine Bow Anticline (also called Flat top Anticline), Albany County, Wyoming.Horizon: Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.
Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, Uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
MERRILL, 1907
Locality: Como Bluff, Albany County, Wyoming.
Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
USNM 5583: Terminal phalanx.
TURNER & PETERSON, 1999
Locality: DMNH Quarry 6 (Small’s Quarry), DMNH Loc., 6111, 1992 Stegosaurus stenops Quarry, Garden Park, near Canon City, Colorado.
Horizon: Lower Upper Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.
Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, Uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
Locality: Rigg’s Quarry 15 (Dinosaur Hill Quarry), Fruita Paleontological Area, Mesa County, Colorado.
Horizon: Base of the Upper Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.
Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, Uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
Locality: Reeds YPM Quarry 10, Como Bluff West (west of Marshall Road), Albany County, Wyoming.Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.
Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, Uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
Locality: Reeds YPM Quarry 11, Como Bluff West (west of Marshall Road), Albany County, Wyoming.
Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.
Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, Uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
= Brontosaurus amplus MARSH, 1881
Etymology: Latin, amplus, "large."
= Apatosaurus amplus (MARSH, 1881) KUHN, 1939
= Atlantosaurus amplus (MARSH, 1881) STEEL, 1970Holotype: YPM 1981
Locality: Reed's YPM Quarry 11, T22N, R77W, Sec. 12, Como Bluff, Albany County, Wyoming.
Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Skeleton lacking skull, first few cervicals, posterior half of the tail, ulna, and all the bones of both the manus and pes except the astragalus and second metacarpal.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: parvus (PETERSON & GILMORE,
1902)
TSCHOPP, MATEUS & BENSON, 2015
= Elosaurus parvus PETERSON & GILMORE, 1902
(Juvenile)
Etymology: Latin, parvus, "small."
= Apatosaurus parvus (PETERSON & GILMORE, 1902)
UPCHURCH, TOMIDA, & BARRETT, 2004
Holotype: CM 566
Locality: Quarry E, Sheep Creek, Albany County, Wyoming.
Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Cervical arch, dorsal arch, right scapula, humeri, right ulna, right femur, left fibula, fragment of ilium, fragment of pubis, and perhaps two sacral centra.
Referred material:
CURRY, 1999
Locality: V-98064, Quarry E, Sheep Creek, Albany County, Wyoming.
Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
UW 15556 (original CM 563): 9 cervicals, 9 dorsals, 5 sacrals, 18 caudals, left scapula-coracoid, humeri, radii, ulnae, right manus, left ilium, pubes, ischia, right femur, tibiae, right fibula, right metatarsals I, III, IV, V, a phalanx and a claw. At present only the pubes, ischia, and a caudal spine remain in Pittsburgh, the balance having been transferred to the University of Wyoming. An adult specimen.
TSCHOPP, MATEUS, & BENSON, 2015
Locality:
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age:
Material:
BYU 1252-18531:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: louisae (HOLLAND, 1915) BAKKER, 1986
Etymology: In honor of Mrs. Louise Carnegie, wife of Andrew Carnegie.
= Apatosaurus louisae HOLLAND, 1915
= Atlantosaurus lousiae (HOLLAND, 1915)
STEEL, 1970
Holotype: CM 3018 (DNM 1 and 25)
Locality: Quarry face as exposed inside the Dinosaur National Monument Visitor Center, Carnegie Quarry, Vernal, Uintah County, Utah.
Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.
Age: Upper Part, Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, Uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: 1-15 cervicals, dorsals 1-10, 1-5 sacrals, 1-64 caudals, 18 ribs, chevrons 1-3, scapulae, coracoid, humeri, left radius, ulna and manus, ilia, pubes, ischia, right femur, tibia and fibula, left pes.
Note: Caudal vertebrae 22 and 23 are coossified/pathologic.
A) Skeleton without cartilage; B) Skeleton with cartilage.
Referred material:
CM field no. 40: Fragmentary skeleton. . This was laying next to
CM 3018.
Now at Los Angeles County Museum.
CM 11162(DNM 60/10): Fragmentary skull, belonging to either CM 3018 or CM field no. 40. It was lying besides cervicals 12 and 13 of field no. 40 and about 4 m from the atlas of CM 11162.
CM 11990: This number was formerly employed for the prepared parts (a tibia and some caudals) of an almost complete, but slightly smaller, articulated skeleton found partly overlapping CM 3018. It lacked only the skull, a femur, one of the forelimbs, the pedes, and probably the tip of the tail. The skeleton was transferred to the Los Angeles County, Museum in 1939 (LACM 52844) and the left femur has been placed on exhibit.
CM 3378 (DNM 160): Vertebral column complete and articulated from the mid-cervical region to the tip of the tail (Caudal 82).
CM 33916 (DNM 210): An articulated series of the last 2 cervicals, all 10 dorsals, the first sacral, and 3 disarticulated sacral centra with ribs.
CM 3390, 3391 (DNM 37): Articulated vertebral column consisting of most of the dorsals, the sacrum, and 12 caudals, many ribs, left ilium, left pubis, a left ischium of a very immature individual. It is likely that a series of 6 articulated cervicals (DNM 37) found 20 feet east of 24 belongs to the same skeleton, according to Douglass. These were given the separate catalogue number 3391. Douglass also felt that a small jaw (DNM 35, now lost) found with neck DNM 37.
CM 11339: A series of 7 dorsals of a very young animal, perhaps belonging to Apatosaurus, found with a Stegosaurus skeleton CM 11341.
.
CM 33968 (DNM 130/B): 2 dorsals.CM 30766 (DNM 175./G): 11 anterior caudals, several chevrons (formerly part of CM 2905); left femur, right tibia and probably associated right radius ulna, and partial manus (formerly CM 10000), other bones belonging to this skeleton have not yet been prepared.
CM 33912: Centrum with DNM 45).
CM 21752 (DNM 120/M, N): 2 dorsals, sacrum, ilia, pubes, ischia, fore and hind limbs and feet of a juvenile.
CM 3384 (DNM 7, part): 4 caudals.
CM 21731: Anterior caudal (Field number in doubt).
CM 33918 (DNM 130/P): 4 caudals.
CM 33921: Caudal, transferred to USNM and returned.
CM 36687 (DNM 55): Left scapula-coracoid.
CM 21708 (DNM 12): Complete left forelimb and manus.
CM 21715 (DNM 39/9, 10, 11): Left humerus, radius and ulna found with some Stegosaurus remains.
CM 21717 (DNM 39/53): Right ulna.
CM 33996 (DNM 345/A): Right radius and ulna.
CM 38338 (DNM 130): Metacarpal I.
CM 36699: Left metacarpals II, III, IV (found with DNM 160) a Juvenile.
CM 21780 (DNM 197/66 and 71): 2 metacarpals, and ?radius (DNM 197/38).
CM 38352 (DNM 232, part): Metacarpal.
CM 21746 (DNM 39/50): Left ilium, of a juvenile.
CM 33980 (DNM 130/11): Left pubis.
CM 33902 (DNM 210/10): Left pubis, incomplete and referred to this genus with doubt.
CM 11998 (DNM 155/FA): Left femur, transferred to the Newark Museum, a second right femur also assigned this catalogue number (DNM 155/S) is part of the "Diplodocus" skeleton transferred to the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM 3670).
CM 21756 (DNM 238/2): Left femur.
CM 21784: Right femur, perhaps belong to Apatosaurus.
CM 33976 (DNM 232/12): Left femur, perhaps belong to Apatosaurus.
CM 33997 (DNM 146/B): Left femur formerly part of CM 3378.
CM 21729 (DNM 171): Right hind limb.
CM 33964 (DNM 210/O): Left tibia and fibula.
CM 33952 (DNM 175/2): Right fibula.
CM 30761 (DNM 103): Astragalus.
CM 11253 (DNM 60/2): Right pes, associated right femur transferred to the University of Cincinnati, right tibia and fibula transferred to Junior Museum, San Francisco, California.
CM 30770: Right metatarsal I, found with DNM 210.
CM 33989 (DNM 173): Left metatarsal III.
CM 33990 (DNM 243): Right metatarsal IV.
MEYERS & HOOPS, 1993
DINO 3688: Right humerus of a juvenile.
DINO 3815: Fibula.
DINO 3816: Tibia.
DINO 3817: Femur.
DINO 3819, 3820: Ribs.
DINO 3828: Scapula.
DINO 3834: Claw.
DINO 3836: Phalange.
DINO 3920: Ulna.
DINO 3921: Radius.
DINO 3922: Scapula.
DINO 3923: Humerus.
DINO 3924: Ulna.
DINO 3925: Radius.
DINO 4563: Humerus.
DINO 4567: Metacarpal.
DINO 4620: Caudal vertebra of a juvenile.
BARRETT, STORRS, YOUNG & WITMER, 2011
Locality: Emery County, Utah.
Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.
Age: Upper Part, Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, Uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
CMC VP 7180: Skull, dentary, incomplete cervical series, incomlpete dorsal vertebrae and indeterminate fragments..
= Apatosaurus excelsus STOVALL, 1938 (as per WEDEL, 2002, all Apatosaurus specimens from Quarry 1 are louisae)Locality: Stovalls Pit 1 (Quarry No. 1, OMNH locality V92), on Highway 64, 8 miles east of Kenton, Cimarron County, Oklahoma.
Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.
Age: Upper Part, Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, Uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
OMNH 1162: Tooth.
OMNH 1670: Dorsal vertebrae.
Number: Not given: Teeth, scapulae, and femora.
WEDEL, 2002, WEDEL, BONNAN & SANDERS, 2002
Locality: Stovalls Pit 1 (Kenton Pit 1, Quarry No. 1), on Highway 64, 8 miles east of Kenton, Cimarron County, Oklahoma.
Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.
Age: Upper Part, Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, Uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
OMNH 01368: Cervical rib.
Note: Of a specimen approximately 35% larger than CM 3018.
WIERSMA-WEYAND, CANOVILLE, SIBER & SANDER, 2021
Locality: Howe Scott Quarry, Big Horn County, Wyoming.
Horizon: Member?, Lower Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone?
Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
SMA 0014 ("Jacques"): Articulated specimen.
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Species: yahnahpin (FILLA & REDMAN, 1994) TSCHOPP, MATEUS & BENSON,
2015
= Eobrontosaurus yahnahpin (FILLA & REDMAN, 1994) BAKKER,
1998
Etymology: “yahnahpin”-During excavation, the in-plate gastralia
bore a striking resemblance’s to the ceremonial hair pipe bone breast plates
worn by the Lakota Sioux (who incidentally lived and hunted in the same area
where A. yahnahpin was found). In the Sioux language, the breast plate
is called mah-koo yah-nah-pin, which literally means “breast necklace”.
However, to restrict the species name to three syllables, in the tradition of
other apatosaurs like A. louisae and A. excelsus, only the
last half of the word was used.
= Apatosaurus yahnahpin FILLA & REDMAN,
1994
Holotype: Tate Museum 001
Locality: “Bertha” Quarry 1, Como Bluff, East (East of Marshall road), Albany County, Wyoming.
Horizon: Morrison Formation, 15 meters below the base of the Brushy Basin Member, Uppermost part of the Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.
Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Left scapulocoracoid, left humerus, left radius and ulna, complete manus (HAND, 1999), partial right scapula, 10 ribs, 7 partial dorsal vertebrae, 3 cervical vertebrae, 1 partial pubis, left and right sternal plates and 9 pairs of gastralia.
Note: Apatosaurus from Felch Quarry, Canon City, Colorado may belong
to this species.
