Untitled Document

Genus: Giraffatitan (PAUL, 1988) OLSHEVSKY, 1991
Etymology: Loosely “Gigantic Giraffe”, in recognition of the taxon’s giraffe-like form, and Greek, Titan, a mythical giant.
= Giraffatitan PAUL, 1987 (nomen nudum)
= Abdallahsaurus MAIER, 2003 (nomen nudum)
Note: Skeleton R.
= Blancocerosaurus MAIER, 2003 (nomen nudum)
Note: Skeleton S.
= Salimosaurus MAIER, 2003 (nomen nudum)
Note: Skeleton D.
= Mtapaiasaurus MAIER, 2003 (nomen nudum)
Note: Skeleton I.
= Wangonisaurus MAIER, 2003 (nomen nudum)
Note: Skeleton L.

Species: brancai (JANENSCH, 1914) OLSHEVSKY, 1991
Etymology: In honor of Wilhelm von Branca (1844-1929), German paleontologist.
= Brachiosaurus brancai JANENSCH, 1914
= Brachiosaurus (Giraffatitan) brancai (JANENSCH, 1914) PAUL, 1988
= Astrodon (Brachiosaurus) brancai (JANENSCH, 1914) KINGMAN, 1962
= Cetiosaurus brancai (JANENSCH, 1914) YADAGIRI, 1988 (sic)
= Dicraeosaurus brancai (JANENSCH, 1914) LAMBRECHT, 1933 (sic)

Lectotype: MB.R.2180 (formerly HMN S1, Skeleton S).

Locality: 2 km south of Tendaguru, Tanzania, East Africa.

Horizon: Middle Tendaguru Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material: a). Skull, cervical and dorsal vertebrae,.

b.). Skull, cervical, dorsal vertebrae, ribs, scapula, coracoid, sternal plates, right humerus, right ulna, right tibia, pubis, ischium, femur, tibia, fibula, and pes. Articulated.

Referred material:

p: 11 caudal vertebrae.

t: Fragmentary skull, ribs.

dd: Cervical, dorsal and caudal vertebrae.

XV 3: Humerus.

Ma 1: Ilium.

SI: Epistropheu, 6 cervicals and ribs.

SII 8: Proatlas, 7 cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, ribs and pubis.

Sa 9: Scapula.

St 134: Femur.

XX 5: Femur.

Nr. 12: Femur.

t 6: Femur.

St 291: Femur.

Bo 1: Tibia.

XX 7: Fibula.

St 149: Fibula.

SII3: Fibula.

St 150: Astragalus.

Y 25: Astragalus.

Bo 4: Calcanum.

St 149: Calcanum.

Mt I Jg 415: Metatarsal I.

Mt I "SII 117": Left metatarsal I.

Mt I " XX 11": Right metatarsal I.

Jg 415: Metatarsal I.

Mt I "TL 33": Left metatarsal I.

Mt II "Lw 4": Left metatarsal II.

Mt. III XX 13: Right metatarsal III.

Mt III XX 12: Right metatarsal II, III.

Mt III W 3: Metatarsal IV.

Mt III W4: Left metatarsal III, IV.

Mt IV Q 14: Right metatarsal IV.

Mt IV Gd 18: Right metatarsal IV.

Mt V XX 14: Right metatarsal V.

Mt V GD 19: Right metatarsal V.

Mt IV GD 18: Metatarsal V.

U II: Claw of phalange III.

Fund Aa: Fragmentary sacrum, caudal vertebrae 1-18 and chevrons.

Fund D: Caudal vertebrae 1-23 and fragmentary caudal vertebrae.

Fund T: Fragmentary sacrum.

Fund t: Atlas, epistropheus.

Fund be 1: Epistropheus.

Fund be 2: Cervical vertebra.

Fund be 3: Cervical vertebra.

Fund no: Caudal vertebrae 2, 5, 7-8, 20, 23-23, 25, 29, 25, 27, 30-51.

Fund p: 11 unprepared caudal vertebrae.

Fund Y 4: Cervical vertebra.

Fund A R 1: Dorsal vertebra.

St: Caudal vertebrae.

dd: Caudal vertebrae.

Fund Y: Caudal vertebrae.

Fund GI: Caudal vertebrae.

S 71: Dorsal vertebrae.

S 51: Dorsal vertebrae.

S 70: Dorsal vertebrae.

S58: Dorsal vertebrae.

S 65: Dorsal vertebrae.

S 43: Dorsal vertebrae.

Y 3: Dorsal vertebrae.

Y 4: Dorsal vertebrae.

be 1: Dorsal vertebrae.

be 2: Dorsal vertebrae.

be 3: Dorsal vertebrae.

be 5: Dorsal vertebrae.

no 8: Dorsal vertebrae.

AR 1: Dorsal vertebrae.

Locality: Tendaguru, Tanzania, East Africa.

Horizon: Upper Tendaguru Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

D: Sacrum, caudal vertebrae, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, ilium, pubis, ischium, femur, tibia and fibula.

J: Vertebrae, ribs, scapula, ulna (?), radius (?), ilium, pubis, ischium, femur and fibula.

J1: Left ilium.

J2: Pubis.

J3: Ischium.

R: Ulna, radius, manus, pubis, ischium and pubes (?)

T: Dorsal vertebrae, sacrum, ribs, scapula, coracoid, humerus and manus.

T 2: Ischium.

T 28: Pubis.

R 21: Pubis.

X: Caudal vertebrae.

Y: Distal 8 cervical vertebrae, ribs, scapula, coracoid, humerus, and 1 dorsal vertebra.

no: Caudal vertebrae, pubis, ischium and femur.

Aa: Sacrum, caudal vertebrae, ribs, scapula, coracoid, humerus, ilium, pubis and ischium.

Nr. 4: Humerus.

F2: Humerus.

I 1: Humerus.

Y 8: Scapula.

Ki 24: Scapula.

Aa 13: Right ilium.

II 27e: Femur.

IX 1: Femur.

XV 1: Femur.

Ng 21: Femur.

J 15: Tibia.

St 148: Tibia.

J 11: Fibula.

XV 2: Fibula.

Z 68: Astragalus.

X 24: Astragalus.

XII 7: Astragalus.

IR 19: Right phalange.

I1 17: Right phalange.

12: Claw.

SII 119: Right claw.

G90: Left claw.

XX2: Right claw.

S II: Claw.

XX 17: Phalange II.

II 2: Phalange II.

II3: Claw.

XIV 24: Left phalange claw II.

III1: Right phalange III.

XX 16: Right phalange III.

TL 4: Left phalange III claw.

S II 120: Left phalange IV.

XX 18: Right phalange IV.

JR 20: Phalange IV.

JR 19: Phalange IV.

JANENSCH, 1935/1936

Locality: Tendaguru, Tanzania, East Africa.

Horizon: Tendaguru Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Jurassic.

Material:

t 1: Nearly complete skull.

S66: Left premaxilla, right and left maxillae, right nasal, right lachrymal, left transversum, right palatine, right quadrate, right squamosal and left pterygoid, parietal and frontal, right and left dentary, left splenial, right complete naris, left angular, right and left surangular and braincase.

Giraffatitan brancai (after JANENSCH, 1935, Skeleton 66).

S116: Right and left premaxilla, right and left maxilla, right and left lachrymal, right jugal, right and left quadratojugal, right and left postorbital and frontal, right and left palatinum, right and left transversum, right and left pterygoid, right prafrontale, left quadratum and right squamosal.

Giraffatitan brancai (after JANENSCH, 1935), Skeleton 116.

Y1: Parietal and frontal and braincase.

St: Frontal.

WJ: Left maxilla.

WJ 4170: Teeth.

WJ 1111: Left maxilla.

WJ 243: Left prefrontal.

JANENSCH, 1961

Locality: Tendaguru, Tanzania, East Africa.

Horizon: Lower Tendguru Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Jurassic.

Material:

XX 19: Humerus.

t 7: Humerus.

J 12: Humerus.

Ki 74: Scapula and coracoid,

Ki 94: Coracoid,

Sa 9: Scapula.

SII: Right coracoid, left and right sternal plate, right humerus, right ulna, right radius and pes,

Nr. 37: Femur.

SCHERER, 2023

NHMUK R 38959: Right ilium of a juvenile.

REMES, 2006

Locality: Upper Saurian beds of Tendaguru beds, 500 m south of Tendaguru Hill (locality 'A', Fraas, 1908, Janensch, 1925), Tendaguru plateau, District of Lindi, Tendaguru, Mtwara, Tanzania, East Africa.

Horizon: Upper Tendaguru Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

SMNS 12141c: Distal caudal vertebra.

Note: Orginally referred to Tornieria africana.

SCHWARZ, FRITSCH, ISSEVER & HILDEBRANDT, 2023

Locality: Quarry Ig/Wj, Tendaguru Locality, Tanzania.

Horizon: Middle Saurian Beds.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Bamboo corset "Ig 230": Cervical rib in several singel pieces.

Bamboo corst "Ig 401, 415, 416, 417, 472, 475": Left metatarsal II.

= Brachiosaurus fraasi JANENSCH, 1914
Etymology: In honor of Eberhard Fraas.
= Astrodon (Brachiosaurus) fraasi (JANENSCH, 1914) KINGMAN, 1962

Holotype: Skeleton Y

Horizon: Northwest of Tendaguru, Near Ortschaft Kindope, East Africa.

Horizon: Tendaguru Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material: Right Scapula, and right humerus.