Species: fragilis MARSH, 1877
Etymology: Latin, fragilis, "fragile"; Marsh's observation that the vertebrae "have the centra hour-glass in form, the middle part being so diminished as to greatly reduce the strength." thus fragile.
= Antrodemus fragilis (MARSH, 1877) GILMORE & STEWART, 1945
= Labrosaurus fragilis (MARSH, 1877) MARSH, 1895 (Incorrect spelling for Labrosaurus ferox, as per HAY, 1909)
= Allosaurus agilis ZITTEL, 1887, OSBORN, 1912 (sic)

Holotype: YPM 1930

Locality: Marsh-Felch’s YPM Quarry 1, Garden Park, Sec. 28, T17S, R70W, Canyon City, Fremont County, Colorado.

Horizon: Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material: 1 tooth, incomplete posterior dorsal centrum, anterior caudal centrum (may be a smallder dorsal, fragment of ?caudal centrum (broken and still in marix in two pecies), rib fragment (possibly last dorsal), midshaft of right humerus, and right pedal phalanx III-I.
(Note: As per Chure, 2000)

YPM 1930. A, Anterior caudal centrum (may be a smaller dorsal, fragment of ?caudal centrum, broken and still in
matrix in two pieces). B, C, D, E, Rib fragments (possibly last dorsal). F, Tooth. G, Fragment of centrum. H, Midshaft
of right humerus. I, Right pedal phalanx III-1. J, Incomplete posterior dorsal centrum. (After Glut 1997.)

Topotype: USNM 4734, "Sk 7" (GILMORE, 1920)

Locality: Marsh-Felch’s YPM Quarry 1, Garden Park, Sec. 28, T17S, R70W, Canyon City, Fremont County, Colorado.

Horizon: Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

USNM 4734: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton with paleopathologic left scapula.
Note: Paleopathologic left scapula, pathologic gastralia (broken and rehealed), and pathologic ribs (Brett-Surman pers comm).

USNM 4734 scapulae; A) Left scapula (pathologic) and B) Right scapula.

BAKKER, 1997

Locality: Como Bluff, Wyoming.

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

TATE 550: Tooth of a very small individual.

TATE 544, 543, 542: Teeth of adults.

 

Locality: Nail quarry, Cam Bench Quarry and Boris Quarry, Como Bluff, Wyoming.

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

TATE:

 

CHURE, 2000 (MARSH, 1877?)

Locality: Brush Creek, near Green River, Utah.

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

YPM 55898: 2 fragmentary teeth.

 

CHURE, FIORILLO & JACOBSEN, (1998) 2000

Locality: Reed’s Quarry R, Como Bluff West, Albany County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

AMNH 813: A sacrum, a left ilium, both pubes, right and left ischia, 2 anterior dorsal, 5 dorsals, 2 anterior caudals and a number of dorsal rib heads.
Note: Tooth marks on the massive foot of the pubis.

 

DALMAN, 2014

Locality: Quarry 12, Como Bluff, Albany County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone?

Age: Kimmeridgian/Tithonian Stage, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

YPM VP 058258: Right femur and proximal left tibia.

YPM VP 058259: Dorsal vertebra.

YPM VP 058260: Right lacrimal, right angular, left radius, and distal end of left fibula.

YPM VP 058261: Left ulna.

YPM VP 058273: Distal caudal vertebra.

YPM VP 058275: Distal end of right metatarsal MIII.

YPM VP 058276: Manual phalanx III-1.

YPM VP 058277: Ungual phalanx II-1.

 

GILMORE, 1920

Locality: Marsh-Felch’s YPM Quarry 1, Garden Park, Sec. 28, T17S, R70W, Canyon City, Fremont County, Colorado.

Horizon: Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

USNM 8423: "Sk.5" consists of 2 maxillae, 5 dorsal centra, 5 coosified sacral vertebrae, 3 caudal centra, parts of ilia, 2 ischia (broken), 2 pubes (broken), 2 femora, left hind foot, few bones of fore foot.

USNM 8335: Right maxilla, teeth and right dentary.

USNM 7336: Consists of left astragalus.

Note: One claw was found in the type drawer of Ceratosaurus.

 

Locality: "Quarry C", Albany County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

USNM 8367: 9 cervicals, 10 dorsals, 2 sacral and 7 caudal vertebrae, cervical and dorsal ribs, 6 chevron, pubes, ischia, and portions of ilium.

 

Locality: "Quarry 9", Como Bluff, Albany County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

USNM 2323: 8 cervical, 11 dorsal, 2 sacral centra, numerous neural processes of both cervical and dorsal vertebrae, right ilium, 2 ischia, right femur, parts of many ribs of a juvenile.

USNM 8302: Ungual of digit II, fore foot.

 

Locality: Middle Park, Grand County, Colorado.

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

USNM 218: Distal half of anterior caudal centrum.

 

 

Locality: "Quarry D", Como Bluff, Albany County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone?

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

USNM 8405: 5 coosified sacral centra, lateral metatarsal, phalanges of fore and hind feet.

 

 

Locality: Near Canon City, Fremont County, Colorado.

Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone?

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

Material:

USNM 8257: Ungual digit II, right fore foot.

 

HUNTER & REEITHAUPT, 2005

Locality: Red Mountain, Near the Colorado Border.

Horizon: Member? Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone?

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

UW: Left leg, partial foot, hip bones and several dorsal vertebrae.

 

LU & HU, 1998

Locality: Datong Suburb, Xinrong District, Shansi (Shanxi) Province, China.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given: Fragmentary caudal vertebrae.

LEADER & SMALL, 1999

Locality: Wolf Creek Quarry, Dinosaur National Monument East, Moffat County, Colorado.

Horizon: Lower Upper Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Upper Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

DMNH:

 

MALAFAIA, ORTEGA, ESCASO, SILVA, RAMALHEIRO, DANTAS, MONIZ, & BARRIGA, 2008

Locality: Cambelas, Torrs Vedras, Portugal.

Horizon:

Age: Tithonian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Numbers: Not given: Fragmentary right pes, tarsal, calcanium, caudal vertebrae.

 

McINTOSH, 1981

Locality: Carnegie Quarry, Dinosaur National Monument, north of the little town of Jensen, Uintah County, Utah.

Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

CM 11844 (DNM 202): Cranium, mandible, and the greater portion of the skeleton lacking the forelimbs and a few other bones.

CM 11868: Partial skull, cervicals, scapula-coracoid, and some ribs. Same as CM 11844.

DNM 171: Right fibula. Probably same as CM 11844.

UU 6000: Skull.

CM 21703 (DNM 22): Cranium, presacrals, caudals, ilium, ischium.

CM 11843(DNM 366): Cranium (only partially prepared), several centra, ribs, 1 coracoid, and other parts perhaps belong to a young individual.

CM 3387 (DNM 2): Teeth and fragments.

CM 3382 (DNM 14): Tooth.

CM 3383 (DNM 187): Small vertebrae etc.

CM 33965 (DNM 120/C): 2 anterior caudal centra, four spines.

CM 38341 (marked DNM 130, probably DNM 102): Caudal and claw.

CM 21705 (DNM 193/A): Caudal centrum.

CM 33957 (DNM 232): 2 caudals.

CM 21757: 3 caudals.

CM 33901: Several vertebrae.

CM 33903 (DNM 210): Gastralia.

CM 21721 (DNM 302, part): Left ischium and a metatarsal and other material not yet prepared.

CM 21726 (DNM 39/60L): Left femur.

CM 21769 (DNM 120/N): Distal end of right femur.

CM 37004 (DNM 270/26): Distal end of metatarsal.

CM 38349 (?DNM 197, part): Several incomplete metatarsals.

CM 21736: A large right-scapula-coracoid.

CM 21713: Left ischium, metatarsal, other material.

STEEL, 1970/WHYTE, 1961

An articulated hind limb of a juvenile.

 

Locality: East of Nielsen Gulch, northeast of Carnegie Museum Quarry at Dinosaur National Monument, north of Jensen, Uintah County, Utah.

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

CM 10002 (DNM 165): Proximal end of right tibia and fibula.

 

Locality: Carbon County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

CM 82: Anterior caudal centrum.

 

 

Locality: Gilmore's Quarry N, Freezeout Hills, Carbon County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

CM 1254: Both ischia and a right premaxilla, 2 teeth, 2 sacral vertebrae, left humerus, 4 metatarsals, and several phalanges.

 

Locality: Wilson Creek, Colorado.

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

CM 2045: Femur.

 

Locality: Red Fork of Powder River (RFPR) Quarry B, about 20 km west of the town of Kaycee, eastern side of Bighorn Mountains, Powder River Basin, Johnson County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Comobluffian age, Tithonian Stage, Uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

CM 36037: Caudal.

 

MOLNAR, 1991

Locality:

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

UUVP 3:

UUVP 5582:

UUVP 294: Braincase.

UUVP 71-1, 71-3, 71-151, A1-1(CR), Q-6, Q-19, X31:

Referred material:

HAY, 1909

USNM 2328: Ilium.

 

OSBORN, 1899

Locality: Bone Cabin Quarry East (Eastward extension of old Bone Cabin Quarry), 8 miles north of Como, Medicine Bow Anticline (also called Flat top Anticline), Albany County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

MADSEN, 1976

Locality: Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry, approximately 20 miles south of Price, SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec. 21, T17S, R11E, SLBM. lat 39°19’00", Long. 110°41’15"W, San Rafael Swell Area, Carbon County, Utah.

Horizon: Upper or Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

UUVP 1945, 40-601, 490722, 40-603, 3724, 1866, 1622, 30-293, 10,245, 5490, 2843, 2545, 1865, 740, 6743, 3995, 2600, 3529. 3036. 6740, 5427, 685, 1863, 856, 40-586: Left premaxillae.

UUVP 6737, 1879, 139, 5315, 30-723, 1869, 1927, 1991, 1872, 4596, 1878, 1876, 685, 3670, 40-604, 1875, 1086, 1873: Right premaxillae.

UUVP 3279, 1881, 5386, 40-584, 1883, 1884, 4213, 1880, 4780, 2887, 4813, 3638, 1893, 10,237, 3836, 3587, 1365, 40-587, 5748: Left maxillae.

UUVP 1891, 2186, 1892, 1894, 1233, 4779, 1889, 1886, 1887, 1517, 1582, 5427, 5499, 5748, 1890: Right maxillae.

UUVP 1910, 870, 2456, 1904, 3389, 40-331, 1909, 1906, 5289, 1908, 4233, 1907, 2903, 1905, 1903, 6742, 4778, 10,093, 5427, 3810: Right dentaries.

UUVP 142, 1895,m 1900, 699, 1901, 702, 1897, 1046, 1896, 1898, 5079, 30-296, 2001, 4029, 5748, 10,250, 40-553, 871: Left dentaries.

UUVP 4220, 1980, 1981, 3312, 566, 2327, 40-227, 5496, 30-778, 273, 5501, 1334, 10,154, 3435, 5472, 3607: Right humeri.

UUVP 30-77, 5423, 40-729, 2765, 4387, 3342, 4792, ,4908, 10,161, 5577, 1169: Left humeri.

UUVP 30-752, 3164, 2280, 30-724, 40-268, 5991, 30-17, 3980, 1165: Right femora.

UUVP 2559, 847, 30-35, 492, 30-16, 30-743, 718, 3192, 1218, 1364, 3385, 5302, 56, 5993, 3694 (Note: 3694 is referred to Allosaurus atrox PAUL, 1988): Left femora.

UUVP 30-55, 154, 40-768, 3835, 40-308, 3249, 5990, 40-301, 40-304, 5301, 40-297, 1473, 10,248: Right tibiae.

UUVP 30-714, 40-306, 40-298, 249, 3833, 5301, 5988, 5361, 5300: Left tibiae.

UUVP 6062, 6063, 2549, 6103, 3733, 5681, 3753, 40-21, 6738, 5358, 5436, 40-22, 4127, 10,149: Left astragali.

UUVP 5998, 454, 5420, 40-25, 5682, 5141, 40-308, 6061, 2567, 10,249, 4493: Right astragali.

UUVP 3630, 40-422, 40-221, 5379, 40-219, 5983, 4877, 5237, 40-216, 30-782, 40-214, 4785, 40-738, 4223, 1551: Left metatarsal III.

UUVP 1989, 5579, 1987, 1075, 2923, 40-217, 5415, 4445, 4958, 40-739, 30-90, 5445, 1743, 4385, 5985, 10,169: Right metatarsal III.

UUVP 1920: Left frontal.

UUVP 5961: Fragmentary skull.

UUVP 5583: Braincase.

UUVP 40-100: Proximal phalange.

UUVP 86: Radius.

UUVP 5496: Right humerus.

UUVP 6625: Caudal vertebra.

UUVP 4814: Caudal centra.

Numerous other skeletal elements.

UUVP 11689 (note: may belong to Ceratosaurus, Marshosaurus or Stokesosaurus), 6102, 6100, 6101, 5754, 11690, 5753, 6132, 387: Furculae.

PETERSEN, ISAKSON, & MADSEN, 1972

UUVP 3771: 2 fused caudal vertebrae with a chevron.

UUVP 2252: Pathological right cervical rib.

UUVP 1847: Pathological left posterior dorsal rib.

UUVP 687: Pathological right radius.

UUVP 3435: Pathological right humerus.

UUVP 1848, 4159: 2 pathological phalanges.

UUVP 4895: Fused caudal vertebrae.

UUVP 3773, 5626: Fused chevrons or haemal arches fused to caudals.

UUVP 177, 1849, 1850: 3 fused caudal vertebrae.

UUVP 837: Pathological chevron.

UUVP 1851: Amputation of a D-IV-1.

UUVP 1657: A massive overgrowth embodied the proximal end of a right D-III-I.

UUVP 1528, 5599: Pathological right and left scapulae.

UUVP 1852: Pathological premaxilla.

UUVP 1853: Pathological ungual.

UUVP 1854, 1855: Pathological metacarpals.

UUVP 30-778: Pathological right humerus.

UUVP 4320: Pathological chevron.

UUVP 3243: Pathological right ischium.

UUVP 1856, 1857, 1858, 4201: Partially digested bones.

= Allosaurus cf. fragilis CARPENTER, 2010

UMNH 9248, 9252, 9160, 1251, 8258, 9231, 6504, 1852, 9263, 6052, 9264, 9270, 9262, 6500, 10293, 9241, 9265, 6505, 9261: Premaxillae.

UMNH 9210, 9169, 16659, 9218, 5393, 9220, 9275, 9201, 9215, 9169, 9211, 9272, 5316, 9274, 9273, 9275, 6363, UMNH CLQ-03-34: Maxillae.

UMNH 16664, 9473, 9474, 9476, 9224, 9475, 9469, 9472, 16665, 9479, 9478, 9471, 12005, 12176, 11531, 8098, 8971, 7786, 1765, 7785: Lachrymals.

UMNH 9103, 9097, 9108, 9090, 9112, 9096, 9100, 9106, 9099: Postorbitals.

UMNH 9085, 9083, 9086, 8972, 12000, 8976, 9084, 9087, 8475, 8974, 89088, 8973: Jugals.

CARPENTER, SANDERS, McWHINNEY & WOOD, 2005

UMNH 10781 (formerly UUVP 3811): Fused neural spines and transverse processes.

Note: This caudal shows a possibel puncture in the caudal rib from Stegosaurus?

FERRANTE, CAVIN, VENNEMANN & MARTIN, 2021

MHNG GEPI V2567: Composite skeleton.

ROTHSCHILD & TANKE, 2005

UUVP 6023: Pathologic scapula.

BYUVP 5099: Pathologic humerus.

REID, 1990

UDSH C-LQ 066: Rib.

UDSH C-LQ 077: Unguals of the manus.

UDSH C-LQ 068: Tibia.

UDSH C-LQ 004: Distal caudal.

UDSH C-LQ 109: Radius.

UDSH C-LQ 113: Pubis.

And 61 other bones.

Pathologies HANNA, 2002

UUVP 30-76: Ulna.

UUVP 30-783: Right metatarsal IV.

UUVP 177: 2 co-ossified distal caudal vertebrae.

UUVP 1010: Anterior caudal vertebra.

UUVP 1169: Left humerus.

UUVP 1528: Left scapula.

UUVP 1657: Left pedal phalange III-1.

UUVP 1849: 3 distal co-ossified caudal vertebrae.

UUVP 1851: Left pedal phalange IV-1.

UUPV 1853: Left pedal phalange II-3.

UUVP 2753: Dorsal rib.

UUVP 2939: Pedal phalange.

UUVP 2997: Phalange.

UUVP 3435: Right humerus.

UUVP 3771: Caudal vertebrae and chevron.

UUVP 3811: Dorsal vertebra.

UUVP 4946, 5660, 5661: Ribs.

UUVP 5256: Caudal vertebrae (PS-12, PS-14) and Chevron (PS-13).

UUVP 5599: Right scapula.

UUVP 5658, 5659: Distal caudal vertebrae.

UUVP 5669: Left pedal phalange IV-2.

UUVP 5985: Ilium and ischium.

UUVP 6788: Left pedal phalange III-1.

UUVP 10136: Cervical vertebra.

UUVP 10220: Right pedal phalange II-1.

UUVP 10908: Right pedal phalange IV-1.

UUVP unnumbered: Right rib.

 

HUNT, LUCAS, KRAINER & SPIELMANN, 2006

UUVP 40-724: Pathological phalanx.

Composite skull after Madsen, 1976

Composite skeleton.

PATON, 1975

Locality: Utah.

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

RSM: Almost complete post cranial skeleton.

 

PEREZ-MORENO, CHURE, PIRES, MARQUES DA SILVA, DOS SANTOS, DANTAS, POVOAS, CACHAO, SANZ & GALOPIM DE CARVALHO, 1999, MALAFAIA, DANTAS, ORTEGA & ESCASO, 2007

Locality: Near the village of Andres, about 135 km NNE of Lisbon, District of Leiria, west-central Portugal.

Horizon: Lourinha Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Upper Kimmeridgian-Tithonian Stage, Middle-Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Museu Nacional de Historia Natural, Universidade de Lisboa, Andres collection, MNHNUL/AND.001:

MNHNUL/AND.001/002: 11 or 12th fragmentary dorsal vertebra.

MNHNUL/AND.001/007: Right pubis.

MNHNUL/AND.001/008: Left ischium.

MNHNUL/AND.001/009: Right femur.

MNHNUL/AND.001/011: Right tibia.

MNHNUL/AND.001/016: Posterior caudal vertebra.

MNHNUL/AND.001/018: Anterior caudal vertebra.

MNHNUL/AND.001/019: Sacral centra.

MNHNUL/AND.001/021: Left fibula.

MNHNUL/AND.001/023: Astragalus, calcanium and distl end of right fibula.

Part of the right quadrate, several vertebrae and chevrons, several dorsal ribs, and gastralia, and several indeterminate fragments.

PEREZ-MORENO, CHURE, PIRES, MARQUES da SILVA, DOS SANTOS, DANTAS, POVOAS, CACHAO, SANZ, de CARVALHO, 1999 (MNHNUL/AND.001, block).

PEREZ-MORENO, CHURE, PIRES, MARQUES da SILVA, DOS SANTOS, DANTAS, POVOAS, CACHAO, SANZ, de CARVALHO, 1999; A) MNHNUL/AND.001, ischium, B) Allosaurus jimmadseni DINO 11541: Ischium.

REDMAN, 1996

Locality: Nail Quarry, Como Bluff, Como Bluff East (East of Marshall road), Albany County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Lower Part, Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

RICHMOND & MORRIS, 1998

Locality: Jones’ Hole Quarry, a small accessory quarry 200m north of Dry Mesa Quarry 2, sec. 23, T.50N, R.14, Mesa County, on the Uncompahgre Plateau, in Western Colorado.

Horizon: Lower Upper Part, Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

SMITH, RICHMOND & BYBEE, 1999

Locality: Hinkle site, Grand county, Utah, near the Colorado border.

Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Age? Stage? Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

BYU 571/8901: Skull missing most of the dorsal edge with associated postcranial material.

ROTHSCHILD & TANKE, 2005

Locality:

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age:

Material:

WDIS: 2 fused thoracic vertebrae.

Pathologic.

TURNER & PETERSON, 1999

Locality: Reed’s YPM Quarry 1 1/2, Como Bluff West (west of Marshall Road), Carbon County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.

Age: Upper Part, Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

= Apatodon mirus Marsh, 1877
Etymology: Latin, mirus ‘wonderful’.

Holotype: Unknown.

Locality: “Rocky Mountain region,”

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Jurassic.

Material: Fragment of vertebra

Image of Apatodon mirus (modified from https://dinopedia.fandom.com/wiki/Apatodon)

 

= Epanterias amplexus COPE, 1878
Etymology: Latin, amplexus, “embrace.”
= Allosaurus amplexus (COPE, 1878) PAUL, 1988
Holotype: AMNH 5767

Locality: Garden Park, Canon City, Fremont County, Colorado.

Horizon: Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone?

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material: Axis, 4th or 5th cervical centrum, 2 dorsal vertebrae, coracoid, and fragmentary limb bones.

A-C, Axis or cervical 2: A, Anterior. B, Left lateral. C, Posterior. D-F, 4th or 5th centrum: D, Anterior. E, Left lateral. F, Posterior. G-I, Dorsal 1 or 2: G, Anterior. H, Left lateral. I, Posterior. J, First dorsal neural arch. K, Distal end of metatarsal IV. L-N, Coracoid: L, External. M, Interior. N, Inferior. (A-I, L-N, After Osborn and Mook 1921; J, K, after Glut, 1997).

CPS 99. A, B, Distal caudal: A, Anterior. B, Left lateral. C-E, Anterior caudal vertebrae: C, Posterior. D, Left lateral. E, Anterior. (All modified from Carpenter & Bakker 1990).

 

Referred material:

BAKKER, 1988

Locality: Near Masonville, Colorado.

Horizon: Member? Late Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone?

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

CPS 99: Distal Caudal and anterior caudal vertebrae

 

= Creosaurus atrox MARSH, 1878
Etymology: Latin, atrox, "ferocious, cruel."
= Allosaurus atrox (MARSH, 1878) PAUL, 1987
= Antrodemus atrox (MARSH, 1878) GILMORE, 1920

Holotype: YPM 1890

Locality: Reed’s YPM Quarry 1, T22N, R77W., sec. 10, Como Bluff West (west of Marshall Road), Albany County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.

Age: Upper Part, Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material: Right premaxilla, an anterior tooth crown, right jugal, fragment of an anterior dorsal neural spine, right posterior dorsal rib head, sacral centra 2 proximal caudal neural arch, 3rd right sacral rib (?), incomplete 2 proximal caudal neural arches, 4 ends of distal caudal centra lacking arches, 2 mid-caudal centra lacking arches, extreme distal caudal centrum with a partial neural arch, left ilium, left astragalus, left tarsal III, right and left pedal phalanges III-1, a right pedal phalanx II-1, right pedal phalanx IV-1, and a left pedal ungual III.

A) Premaxilla; B) Dorsal vertebra; C Pelvis.

A, Hypothetical reconstruction of the skull. B-D, Premaxilla views: B, Interior. C, Anterior. D, Right lateral. (After Marsh 1884).

Creosaurus atrox (A to D, After Marsh 1879). A, B, Ilium views. A, Left lateral. B, Ventral. C, D, Dorsal vertebra views: C, Anterior. D, Right lateral. E, Front arm (modified from Williston 1901).

= Labrosaurus ferox MARSH, 1884
Etymology: Latin, ferox, "wild, bold, fierce."

Holotype: USNM 2315

Locality: Marsh-Felch’s YPM Quarry 1, Garden Park, Sec. 28, T17S, R70W, Canyon City, Fremont County, Colorado.

Horizon: Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material: Fragmentary left dentary.

Note: The tip seems to have been bitten off and is pathologic.

Note: May belong to Allosaurus fragilis USNM 4734: "Sk 7", Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton with paleopathologic left scapula and pathologic gastralia (broken and rehealed).

 

SMITH & LISAK, 2001

Locality: Salt Valley Paradox Basin, Moab-10 Quadrangle, T24S, R20E, near Moab, Utah.

Horizon: Upper Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 4.

Age: Upper Part, Comobluffian age, Tithonian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

BYU 2028: Fragmentary skull and dentary.
Note: Dentary shows similarities to Labrosaurus ferox.

= Allosaurus ferox MARSH, 1896 (typo for fragilis as per HAY, 1909)

Holotype: YPM 1893

Locality: Reed's YPM Quarry 14, T22N, R77W, Como Bluff, Albany County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material: Right and part of left premaxillae, right maxilla, right jugal, a small part of the right nasal, anterior end of the right dentary and fragment of posterior part, left premaxilla, anterior end of left dentary, skull roof fragments or palatal fragments in the right orbit and right lateral temporal fenestra, right maxillary teeth 7 through 12, and 14 through 17 (although many of these teeth are not complete), right dentary teeth 1, 2, and 5 through 8, left dentary teeth 1 and 2, large part of left dentary, incomplete pedal ungual, rim of a moderately large amphiplatyn dorsal, the capitulum of a dorsal rib, rib shaft fragments, and dorsal tip of a ?scapula with fluting on inner and outer surfaces.

Allosaurus ferox YPM 1893 (after Glut 1997). A, Skull. B, Lower jaw.

Allosaurus ferox YPM 1893 skeleton.

Allosaurus ferox YPM 1893 pelvis.

Referred material:

OSTROM & McINTOSH, 1966

Locality: Reeds YPM Quarry 14, T22N, R77W, Sec. 12, Como Bluff, Albany County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Late Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone?

Age: Age? Stage? Epoch? Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

= Allosaurus whitei PICKERING 1995 (nomen nudum)
Etymology:

Holotype: AMNH 666

Locality: Bone Cabin Quarry, 8 miles north of Como, Medicine Bow Anticline (also called Flat top Anticline), Albany County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material: Skull and dentary.

Referred material:

AMNH 290, 324: Hind limbs.

AMNH 275, 496, 680, 704, 726, 728, 236, 737, 851, 5752, 6125, 6128, MCZ 3897:

AMNH 600: Nearly complete skull.

Note: Shows beetle borings.

 

 

 

Locality: Quarry face as exposed inside the Dinosaur National Monument Visitor Center, Carnegie Quarry, Vernal, Uintah County, Utah.

Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 3.

Age: Upper Part, Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

DINO 2560 (formerly UUVP 6000): Complete skull and a partial skeleton lacking all but the first caudal vertebra, chevrons, ribs, forearms, and some digital elements of pes.
Note: Neotype of Allosaurus fragilis and referred to Allosaurus atrox PAUL, 1988A

DINO 2560 (formerly UUVP 6000), left and right sides

Referred material:

DNM No. C4: Right femur.

DNM No. D4, DNM: Left femora.

MEYERS & HOOPS, 1993

DINO 4741: Right ilium.

DINO 4848: Right humerus.

DINO 4822: Right ulna of a juvenile.

 

 

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Species: europaeus MATEUS, WALEN & TELLES ANTUNES, 2006
Etymology: In reference to the locality being Europe.

Holotype: ML415

Locality: Praia da Vale Frades, 5 km north of Lourinha, Estremadura Province, West coast of Portugal.

Horizon: Porto Novo Member, Lourinha Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material: Part of skull, jugal, lacrimal, postorbital, frontal, palatine, quadratojugal, nasal, parietal, prefrontal, squamosal, articular, sclerotic bones, surangular, angular, pterygoid, basisphenoid, paraoccipital processand most posterior tooth, 4th to 6th cervical vertebrae and ribs.

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Species: lucasi DALMAN, 2014
Etymology: In honor of Spencer G. Lucas in recognition of his extensive contributions to vertebrate paleontology.

Holotype: YPM VP 57589

Locality: McElmo Canyon, Montezuma County, Colorado.

Horizon: Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Upper Part, Comobluffian age, Tithonian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material: A partial skeleton of an adult constisting of cranial, dental and post cranial elements.

Referred material:

YPM VP 57726: Posterior end of the right dentary and part of the right splenial of a juvenile.

Reconstruction of the skull of Allosaurus lucasi (afterDalman 2014).

Allosaurus lucasi (YPM VP 57589) skull elements. A, B, Left premaxilla views: A, Lateral. B, Ventral. C-E, Premaxilla and maxilla: C, Lateral. D, Dorsal. E, Ventral. F-G, Isolated premaxillary tooth (YPM VP 5758): F, Labial. G, Lingual. H, Isolated teeth fragments. I, YPM 57589, left quadrate in medial view. J, K, YPM 57589, left quadratojugal. L- N, YPM VP 57589, fragment of dentary: L, Labial. M, Medial. N, Occlusal. O-Q, YPM 57726 juvenile dentary; O, Labial. P, Medial. Q, Occlusal. (All after Dalman 2014).

Allosaurus lucasi skeletal elements. A, B, YPM VP 57589, pubic peduncle of the left ilium: A, Preserved peduncle. B, Peduncle’s position on the ilium. C-G, YPM VP 57589, left proximal tibia: C, Lateral. D, Posterior. E, Dorsal. F, Anterior. G, Posterior. H-J, YPM VP 57589, distal caudal: H, Right lateral. I, Dorsal. J, Caudal. K-M, YPM VP 57589, more distal caudal: K, Right lateral. L, Dorsal. M, Caudal. N, YPM VP 57589, left distal ischium in lateral view. O, YPM VP 57589, two isolated pubic shaft elements. P-Q, YPM VP 57589, associated left pes: P, Anterior. Q, Distal. (All after Dalman 2014),

 

Allosaurus fragilis skull, Emery County, Utah, c. 1960, Natural History Museum of Utah DSC07219. Because the front of the snout is high like that of Allosaurus lucasi, perhaps this isn’t Allosaurus fragilis but is Allosaurus lucasi? (From https://www.alamy.com/allosaurus-fragilis-skull-emery-county-utah-c-1960-natural-history-image155473205.)

 

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Species:? amplus (MARSH, 1879) GALTON, CARPENTER & DALMAN, 2015
= Camptonotus amplus MARSH, 1879
Etymology: Latin, amplus, "large."
= Camptosaurus amplus (MARSH, 1879) MARSH, 1885

Holotype: Yale University Museum, No. 1879

Locality: Lakes' YPM Quarry 1A, (Big Canyon Quarry), T22N, R77W, Sec. 17, Como Bluff West (west of Marshall Road), Albany County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, upper

most Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material: Entire right pes.

Referred material:

GALTON, CARPENTER & DALMAN, 2015

YPM VP.1892: 8 isolated teeth, poorly preserved maxilla in thre parts with 13 teeth plus sevrial other pieces of possible jaw bones, the ectopterygid process of the pterygoid, an unprepared cube of matrix with articulated bones exposed on the surface (possibly including part o f pterygoid or of posterior parts of mandible), and the almost complete supraoccipital, left postorbital, left quadrate, diapophyseal region o f posterior cervical or anterior dorsal vertebra and 2 fused centra.

 

Locality: Cope's Como Quarry 3, Como Bluff, Albany County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, upper

most Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

AMNH 5753: Fragmentary skull and skeleton.

Allosaurus (Camptonotus) amplus. A-F, H-X, YPM VP. 1892. G, YPM VP.1879 holotype metacarpals. A-F, Left quadrate: A, Lateral. B, Anterior. C, Medial. D, Posterior. E, Proximal. F, Distal. H-K, Left postorbital: H, Anterior. I, Lateral. J, Posteromedial. K, Medial. L-P, Supraoccipital: L, Dorsal. M, Right lateral. N, Ventral. O, Anterior. P, Posterior. Q-W, Sacral centra 1 and 2: Q, Dorsal. R, Right dorsoventral. S, Left lateral. T, Right lateral. U, Ventral. V, Anterior. W, Posterior. (All after Galton et al. 2015.)

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Species: jimmadseni CHURE & LOEWEN, 2020
= Allosaurus jimmadseni CHURE, 2000 (nomen manuscriptum)
Etymology: In honor of the late James H. Madsen, Jr and in recognition of his outstanding contributions to our knowlege of Allosaurus through his herculean efforts of protecting, excavating, preparing, and curating of many thousands of Allosaurus bones from the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur and his masterful monograph (Madsen, 1976) of that collection.

Holotype: DINO 11541

Locality: DIM 116 (N. N. A Quarry), near the Carnegie Quarry, Dinosaur National Monument, north of the little town of Jensen, Uintah County, Utah.

Horizon: Lower part of the Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material: Skull and nearly complete skeleton of a subadult.
Note: With furcula.
Note: Has some pathologic gastralia.

A) Left lateral view and B) interior view.

A) skeleton as pereserved and B) close up of the tip of the tail.

Reconstruction of the skeleton.

Referred material:

byu 4861, 5164, 5258, 5292, 11936, 13621, 16942, 17106, 17281, USNM 544100, SDSM 30510:

 

= Allosaurus fragilis BRITT, 1991

Locality: Dry Mesa Quarry 1, sec. 23, T.50N, R.14, on the Uncompahgre Plateau, Mesa County, Western Colorado.

Horizon: Lower Upper Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Lower Part, Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

BYUVP 5125: Lachrymal.

Numbers: Not given:

Note: Maybe a new genus, similar to USNM 4734.

 

= Allosaurus fragilis FULLER, 2009

Locality: Dana Quarry, Ten Sleep, Washakie County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Lower part of the Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone?

Age: Late Kimmeridgian-Early Tithonian Stage, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

HS0387: Skulls and skeletal remains.

Note: Paleopathologies, the fourth dorsal vertebra shows two irregularly shaped groths affecting both sides of the arch and centrum, 8th and 9th dorsal vertebrae cojoined, right scapula and coracoid with depressions, left scapula with a depression (XING, ROTHSCHILD, DU, WANG, WEN & SU, 2022).

 

= Allosaurus fragilis LAWS, 1993, 1995, 1996, BREITHAUPT, 1996, HANNA, 2002

Locality: Big Al Quarry, 300 meters northeast of Howe Quarry, near Shell, Greybull, Big horn County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Lower part of the Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

MOR 693: Skull and skeleton approximately 90 percent complete, with pathologies on several phalanges.
Note: Pathologies are as follows: Third dorsal vertebra. Right scapula, manus phalanx I-1, left ilium, metatarsal III, metatarsal V, pes phalanx III-1, two pes unguals and two dorsal ribs.

Allosaurus fragilis, Big Al, MOR 693

Note: “Big Al”, also shows beetle borings.

Referred skull from Howe Quarry.

FOTH, EVERS, PABST, MATEUS, FLISCH, PATTHEY, & RAUHUT, 2015

Locality: Howe Quarry, near Shell, Greybull, Big horn County, Wyoming.

Horizon: Lower part of the Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone 2.

Age: Comobluffian age, Kimmeridgian Stage, uppermost Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

SMA 0005 ('big Al 2'): Skull and skeleton.

Note: SMA 0005 has several pathologies; Anterior tip of left dentary is strongly modified; 4th cervical has two exostoses; 5th cervical has a pathology at the base of the left postzygapophysis; several cervical ribs have lesions; the proximal part of the left scapula has transverse fracture and has been broken and healed; the left humerus has abnormal ulnar condyle; several ribs are broken and healed or has lesions; the left ischium has an oblique fracture located at a midshaft position; left pedal phalanx II-2 has a bulbous callus covering about 2/3rds the element; and the left pedal phalanx IV-1 has two bulbous swellings on the lateral side.

Allosaurus fragilis, SMA 0005 ('Big Al 2')

 

 

FOSTER & CHURE, 2006, FOSTER, PAGNAC & HUNT-FOSTER, 2020

Locality: V9138, Little Houston Quarry, approximately 20 km west of Sundance in southern Crook County, just north of Little Houston Creek, Black Hills, northeast Wyoming.

Horizon: Member?, Morrison Formation.

Biostratigraphy: Zone?

Age: Age?, Stage?, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

JRF 9337, SDSM: Teeth.

SDSM 30510: A partial skeleton, tooth, partial basicranium, 3 cervial, 1 dorsal, 2 sacral and 4 caudal vertebrae, manual phalanx and ungual, several ribs, both ilia, ischium, femur, tibia, metatarsal IV, an dseveral pedal phalanges and unguals of a very small individual.

Reconstruction of the skeleton.

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