Genus: Coelophysis COPE, 1889
Etymology: Greek, koilos, “hollow” and Greek, physis, “form, nature”: for
the hollow vertebrae.
= Coelophyses STOKES, 1988 (sic)
= Coelophysis MURRY, 1986 (sic)
= Rioarribasaurus HUNT & LUCAS,
1991 (nomen rejectum)
Etymology: From the Rio Arriba County in northern New Mexico, where the Whitaker
quarry at Ghost Ranch is located. Rio Arriba (“upper river”) is
a reference to the upper Rio Grande River Region, and Greek, sauros, "lizard."
Species: bauri (COPE, 1887a) COPE, 1889
= Coelurus bauri COPE, 1887a (nomen dubium)
Etymology: In honor of Baur who was at one time Marsh’s collector, but
latter wrote articles on how Marsh’s inaccurate illustrations.
= Tanystrophaeus bauri (COPE, 1887a) COPE, 1887 b (nomen dubium)
= Rioarribasaurus colberti HUNT & LUCAS,
1991 (ICZN Opinion 1842, nomen rejectum)
= Coelophysis (partim) COLBERT, 1947
= Coelophysis bauri (partim) COLBERT, 1964
= Coelophysis bauri (partim) RAATH, 1969
= Coelophysis bauri (partim) PADIAN, 1986
= Coelophysis bauri (partim) COLBERT, 1989
= Syntarsus colberti (partim) PAUL, 1993
Etymology: In honor of Edwin H. Colbert, who supervised the collection of many
Coelophysis specimens for the Whitaker quarry, monographic this material
and who, for 30 years, was the foremost scholar of Triassic vertebrates in
North America.
Neotype: AMNH 7224 (ICZN Opinion 1842)
Note: Coelophysis sp von HUENE, 1915.
Locality: Ghost Ranch Quarry or the Whitaker Quarry, SE 1/4, SE. 1/4, SW 1/4, Section 1, Township 24 North, Range 4 East, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.
Horizon: Rock Point Formation, Chinle Group.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Apachean, Late Norian Stage, Upper Late Triassic Epoch, Late Late Triassic.
Material: Skull and skeleton.
Note: Stomach content of a crocodilimorpha skeleton (NESBITT, TURNER, ERICKSON, & NORELL, 2006)
Coelophysis modified from Colbert, 1989
Pelvis of Coelophysis (after Colbert, 1989).
Feet and hands of Coelophysis (after Colbert, 1989)
Referred material:
COLBERT, 1989
= Coelophysis bauri COLBERT & BAIRD, 1958
AMNH 2727: 3rd or 4th cervical vertebra.
AMNH 2718: Distal part of right ischium.
AMNH 2719: Proximal end of ischium.
AMNH 2720: Fragmentary cervical vertebra.
AMNH 2723: Centrum of dorsal vertebra.
Note: Coelophysis willistoni von HUENE, 1915.AMNH 2745: Proximal end of fibula.
AMNH 2750: Part of a sacrum.
AMNH 2751: 9th or 10th cervical vertebra.
AMNH 2752: Anterior dorsal vertebra.
AMNH 7223 (Block 8): A complete articulated skeleton.
Note: Has furcula.
AMNH 7225 (Block 8): A skull.
AMNH 7226 (Block 8): Left pes.
AMNH 7227 (Block 9): A skeleton, including the skull, the vertebrae (except for the caudals), the left and possibly the right scapula, the proximal end of the left and the right humerus, the left and right lower arm bones and forefeet, the left ileum, proximal end of the ischium and the pubis, and the left and right hind limbs.
AMNH 7228 (Block 9): A partial skeleton including the skull, vertebrae, (Except the caudals), left scapula-coracoid, humerus, ulna and radius, ilium, ischium, and left and right pubes, femora, tibiae, fibulae, and left pes.
AMNH 7229 (Block 9): A partial skeleton including caudal, sacral, and about 6 posterior presacral vertebrae, parts of both ilia, the left ischium and pubes, left and right femora, tibiae, fibulae, and left pes.
AMNH 7230 (Block 9): A small skeleton including the skull, vertebrae (except caudals), left and right scapulae and coracoids, humeri, right radius, ulna, manus, ilium, pubis, left and right femora, tibiae and fibulae.
AMNH 7231 (Block 9): A partial skeleton including most of the presacral vertebrae, sacrum, left and right scapulae and coracoids, left ulna and radius, portion of one ilium, pubis, left and right femora, tibiae, fibulae, and right pes.
AMNH 7232 (Block 9): Right ilium, left and right pubes, right hind limb.
AMNH 7233 (Block 9): Some posterior presacral and sacral vertebrae, right ilium, ischium, pubis, right and left femora, tibiae, fibulae, and right pes.
AMNH 7234 (Block 9): Posterior presacral and sacral vertebrae, portion of the left pubis, left ischium, left tibia-fibula, and pes.
AMNH 7235 (Block 9): Right ilium, ischium, and portion of a femur.
AMNH 7236 (Block 9): Left pubis, ilium, and femur.
AMNH 7237 (Block 9): Skull and cervical vertebrae.
AMNH 7238 (BLOCK 9): Skull.
AMNH 7239 (Field no. 80): Skull and lower jaws and cervical vertebrae.
AMNH 7240 (Block 3): Skull and lower jaws.
AMNH 7241 (Field no. 96): Skull and lower jaws.
AMNH 7242 (field no. 96): Skull of a very small individual.
AMNH 7243 (Block 5): A skeleton of a young individual, including about the last 10 presacral vertebrae and ribs, sacrum, proximal end of the tail, pectoral girdle and both forelimbs, and the pelvis and both hind limbs.
AMNH 7244 (Block 5): Pelvis, both hind limbs, and about the first 30 caudal vertebrae.
AMNH 7245 (Block 5): A large individual represented by five or six presacral vertebrae, six proximal caudals, the pelvis and the right femur and tibia.
AMNH 7246 (Block 5): A small individual represented by a pelvis and 8 caudals, a right hind limb and the left tibia and fibula and pes.
AMNH 7247 (Block 5): A small individual represented by a left hind limb.
AMNH 7248 (Block 5): A small individual represented by a right ilium and pubes.
AMNH 7249 (Block 5): 8 posterior presacral vertebrae and ribs, sacrum,, 5 caudals, pelvis, right and left hind limbs.
AMNH 7250 (Block 5): Distal end of left tibia and fibula and pes.
AMNH 7251 (Block 5): 3 posterior presacrals, sacrum, 6 or more caudals, left ilium, pubes, left femur, tibia, fibula, and pes and right tibia.
AMNH 7252 (Block 5): 7 presacral vertebrae, sacrum and pelvis, 2 or more caudals, and right hind limb.
AMNH 7253 (Block 5): Right tibia and fibula and pes.
AMNH 7254 (Block 5): 11 caudal vertebrae.
AMNH 7255 (Block 5): A partial skull.
AMNH 7256: (Block 9): Right tibia-fibula and pes, left pes.
AMNH 7257 (Block 9): About 17 presacral vertebrae, right and left humeri, and portions of radii-ulnae.
AMNH 7258 (Block 9): Skull and mandible, first 7 presacral vertebrae, and about 7 or 8 posterior presacrals.
MNA V3315 (Block C-5-81): Skull and lower jaws and first 3 cervical vertebrae.
MNA V3318 (Block C-5-81): A skeleton essentially complete of a baby.
MNA V3319 (Block C-5-81): Pedes of 1 individual.
MNA V3320 (Block C-5-81): Right pes (possibly part of a skeleton) awaiting further preparation.
MNA V3321 (Block C-5-81): Distal end of right tibia and astragalocalcaneum.
MNA V3139 (Block C-5-81): A fragmentary skull and jaws, and some postcranial bones.
MNA V3322 (Block C-5-81): Partial skull, proximal to MNA V3318.
MNA V3323 (Block C-5-81): Articulated tail. It may be part of a skeleton still to be uncovered.
MCZ 4326: Skull and lower jaws of a small individual.
MCZ 4327: Skull and mandible with atlas-axis in position, femur pubis and proximal end of tibia in association, but possibly of a different individual.
MCZ 4328: Part of maxilla of a small individual.
MCZ 4329: Forelimb.
MCZ 4320: Pelvis.
MCZ 4331: Back part of a skeleton with the last 13 presacral vertebrae, ribs, pelvis and hind limbs, left humerus, and radius-ulna, also 2 posterior caudals, femur, tibia, and other bones of another individual. In addition, 3 cervicals, pelvis and seen on the right side with 3 posterior presacrals, femora, and tibia, all of a deferent individual.
MCZ 4332: Pelvis, and limbs, and vertebrae representing 3 or 4 individuals, not sufficiently prepared for a detailed analysis.
MCZ 4334: Pelvis, hind limbs, and vertebrae.
MCZ 4335: A series of vertebrae.
YPM 41196: Skull and mandible of a large individual.
YPM 43506: Anterior part of the left side of a skull of a medium-sized individual.
YPM 41197: Pelvis.
YPM 41412: Pelvis with a right hind limb.
CM C-4-81: Skull of a large individual, pelvis and right femur, pelvis with both and limbs and the first 5 caudal vertebrae. 2 hind feet, closely apprised, with distal ends of tibiae, fragment of a maxilla in the region of the anterior orbital foramen, with a few teeth.
This block, only partially prepared as of 1986, contains a least 9 individuals, as represented by the skull listed above and by pelvis and hind limbs, in whole or in part.CM C-1-82: A large block containing somewhat sparse materials , including part of a skeleton, or perhaps bones representing 2 individuals.
RTMP 84-63-29: Skull with jaws of a medium-sized individuals, cervicals and dorsals.
RTMP 84-63-30: Cervicals and dorsals, left scapula-coracoid, humerus, radius and ulna, and right manus of a medium-sized individual.
RTMP 84-63-31: Maxilla and mandible of a large individual.
RTMP 84-63-32: Anterior end of skull and mandible, posterior cervicals, dorsals, ribs, right scapula-coracoid and forelimb, and left forelimb without scapula--coracoid of a small individual.
RTMP 84-63-33: Last 13 presacarls, sacrum and pelvis, 15 plus caudals, left scapula and humerus, coracoid, right and left hind limbs, ribs of a large individual.
RTMP 84-63-34: Last 7 presacrals, pelvis, some caudals, right hind limb, distal end of left femur and tibia of a medium-sized individual.
RTMP 84-63-35: 11 caudals, right tibia and fibula and pes, and humerus (?) of a fairly large individual.
RTMP 84-63-36: Vertebrae. right and left femora, tibiae, and some other bones of a large individual.
RTMP 84-63-37: Scattered vertebrae, both ischia, both hind limbs, possibly a scapula-coracoid of a medium-sized individual.
RTMP 84-63-38: A small pelvis.
RTMP 84-63-39: Scattered vertebrae, right ilium, femur of a medium-sized individual.
RTMP 84-63-40: A left manus.
RTMP 84-63-41: A series of 6 large caudals.
RTMP 84-63-42: Partial right and left femora and tibiae.
RTMP 84-63-43: 7 different series of caudal vertebrae, some terminal.
RTMP 84-63-44: Scattered small vertebrae and other bones.
RTMP 84-63-45: A fragmentary skull.
RTMP 84-63-46: A manus.
RTMP 84-63-47: Distal part of tibia and fibula, astagalocalcaneum, quite small.
RTMP 84-63-48: Posterior parts of 2 ilia and sacrum, separated.
RTMP 84-63-49: A series of 11 vertebrae.
RTMP 84-63-50: A right manus.
RTMP 84-63-51: Dorsal vertebrae with ribs.
RTMP 84-63-52: Left manus and carpus.
RTMP 84-63-53: 7 large cervicals.
RTMP 84-63-54: A series of about 10 caudals.
RTMP 84-63-55: A femur.
RTMP 84-63-56: Metatarsal and 4th tarsal.
RTMP 84-63-57: Scattered vertebrae.
RTMP 84-63-58: A series of caudals and a long bone.
RTMP 84-63-59: 6 posterior cervicals.
RTMP 84-63-60: A large bone.
RTMP 84-63-61: 2 metatarsals and some vertebrae.
RTMP 84-63-23: A skull in matrix, with the dorsal surface exposed.
BUGOS & McDAVID, 2024
From block CMNH 10791 (Originally AMNH Block XII): Immature skull.
CMNH 118822: Skull.
CMNH 20955: Incompled skull.
CMNH 20956: Broken right maxilla with 9 teeth.
MCZ VPRA 4326 (extracted from AMNH Block X): Immature skull.
MCZ VPRA 4333 (extracted from Block X): Small skull.
MCZ VPRA 4327: Lagec, complete skull.
MCZ VPRA 4258: Isoalted posterior portion of maxilla of a small individual.
EZCURRA, 2007
CM C-3-82: Fragmentary skull.
FONG, LeBLANC, BERMAN, & REISZ, 2016
CM 87671: partial skull.
NESBITT, TURNER, SPAULDING, CONRAD & NORELL, 2009
AMNH 7223 (Block 8): A complete articulated skeleton.
Note: Has furcula.
AMNH FR 30647: Fragmentary skeleton.
Note: Has furcula.
RINEHART, LUCAS, HECKERT, SPIELMANN & CELESKEY, 2009
Note: From Quarry block C-8-82.NMMNH P-41416: Tibia and a nearly complete fibula and an articulated astragalocalcaneum.
NMMNH P-41419: Disarticulated, incomplete skull.
NMMNH P-42200: Skull and skeleton of a juvenile.
Note: Skull has sclerotic ring.
Note: In a resting position.NMMNH P-42351: Skull and skeleton of an adult.
NMMNH P-42352: Skull and skeleton of an adult.
Note: Has a coprolite in the vent area between the ischia and the proximal caudals.NMMNH P-44801: Fragmentary skeleton with small amounts of coprolite material and sparse bone fragments in the stomach region.
Note: Has coprolite.NMMNH P-42352: Fragmentary skeleton with cololite and/or coprolite material with small bone fragments in the stomach region.
NMMNH P-44552: Fragmentary skeleton with coprolites with rich bone fragments in the stomach region.
NMMNH P-42353: Skull and skeleton of a large juvenile.
Note: Has furcula.NMMNH P-42354: Incomplete cervical series, complete dorsal series, incomplete shoulder girdle, left forelimb and manus and part of a gastral basket.
NMMNH P-42576: Skeleton lacking skull of a very small juvenile.
Note: NMMNH P-50533 may belong to this skeleton.
Note: Has furcula.NMMNH P-42577: Nearly complete presacral skeleton of a juvenile.
Note: Has furcula.NMMNH P-42578: Incomplete dorsal series, shoulder girdle, gastral basket, and the forelimbs and manus of a juvenile.
NMMNH P-42579: Skull of an adult.
Note: NMMNH P-44553 may belong to this specimen.NMMNH P-42580: Complete pelvis, sacrum, incomplete hinlimbs of a juvenile.
NMMNH P-44551: Skull, incomplete cervical series of 5 vertebrae.
NMMNH P-44552: Nearly complete postcranial skeleton.
Note: Probable regurgitalite fills part of the oral cavity as well as covering the posterior part of the skull which consists of many bone fragments, including an incomplete premaxilla with one tooth, and a maxilla or a jaw fragment with two teeth, of a small Coelophysis (i.e. cannibalism).
Note: Has a coprolite (hand and wrists bones and bone fragments of a juvenile Coelophysis).NMMNH P-44553: 3 large articulated mid-cervical vertebrae.
NMMNH P-44554: Incomplete shoulder girdle, cervical vertebrae approximately 8 through 12, and a single dorsal vertebra of a large individual.
Note: Has a furcula.NMMNH P-44555: Skull.
NMMNH P-44556: Proxmal caudal vertebral series of an adult.
NMMNH P-44802: Greater portion of a distal tail, pelvis, sacrum, proximal caudal vertebrae hindlimbs and pedes.
Note: The hind limbs are tightly folded under the animal (i.e. is sitting).NMMNH P-46615: Incomplete, disarticulated and unassociated furcula.
NMMNH P-50528: 7 articulated proximal caudal vertebrae with some chevrons of a juvenile.
NMMNH P-50529: Incomplete, articulated jaws of a juvenile.
NMMNH P-50530: Snout of a very large individual.
NMMNH P-50531: Incomplete distal caudal vertebral series of approximately 19 vertebrae.
NMMNH P-50532: Incomplete distal caudal series of approximately 15 vertebrae.
NMMNH P-50533: Incomplete, totally disarticulated skull of a very small individual.
NMMNH P-50534: Incomplete skull of a juvenile.
NMMNH P-50535: Incomplete pelvis, hindlimbs and peds of a juvenile.
NMMNH P-50536: Large left tibia, astragalo-calcaneum and pes, an associated femur is located beneath the tibia.
NMMNH P-50537: A complete left hindlimb and pes, incomplete pelvis, and part of both the posterior dorsal and proximal caudal series.
NMMNH P-55336: Isolated pelvis of a juvenile.
NMMNH P-55337: Incomplete hindlimbs and pes of a juvenile.
NMMNH P-55338: Poorly preserved, incomplete posterior cervical vertebral series of 7 through 10 together with associated ribs.
NMMNH P-5539: Completely disarticulated, incomplete pes associated with an incomplete anterior caudal series of approximately 10 vertebrae.
NMMNH P-55340: Incomplete tibia and fibula.
NMMNH P-55341: Knee region of a hindlimb.
NMMNH P-55342: Incomplete shoulder girdle associated with 6 disarticulated cervical vertebrae and cervical ribs of a juvenile.
NMMNH P-55343: 2 articulated cervical vertebrae.
NMMNH P-55344: Large left femur.
NMMNH P-55345: Poorly exposed hindlimbs of a medium sized individual.
NMMNH P-55346: 3 large, articulated distal caudal vertebrae.
NMMNH P-55348: Completely disarticulated incomplete skull and a few associated disarticulated cervical vertebrae and ribs.
NMMNH P-55349: Incomplete distal caudal series including approximately 12 kinked and poorly preserved vertebrae.
NMMNH P-55350: 3 articulated distal caudal vertebrae, 2 of which are complete, and a third is represented by an impression in the matrix.
NMMNH P-57652: Incomplete skull.
NMMNH P-57653: Incomplete medsized skull and lower jaws and several disarticulated cervical vertebrae and their ribs.
Skeletal reconstructions of two Coelophysis bauri morphs, Top) "1-year"; Upper middle) "2-year"; Lower Middle) "long-skull"; Lower) ''Short skulled". (Modified from RINEHART, LUCAS, HECKERT, SPIELMANN & CELESKEY, 2009)
= Genus: Nova? HECKERT, RINEHART, LUCAS, DOWNS, ESTEP, HARRIS, RESER & SNYDER, 1999, HECKERT, HARRIS, LUCAS & RINEHART, 1999, HECKERT, ZEIGLER, LUCAS, RINHEART & HARRIS, 2000, HECKERT, ZEIGLER, LUCAS & RINEHART, 2003 (as per SPIELMANN, LUCAS, RINEHART, HUNT, HECKERT & SULLIVAN, 2007)
Holotype:
Locality: NMMNH locality-3845, Snyder Quarry, Near Ghost Ranch, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.
Horizon: Petrified Forest Formation, Chinle Group.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Revueltian, Early Norian Substage, Early Norian Epoch, Middle Late Triassic Epoch, Late Triassic.
Material:
NMMNH P-30852: Fragmentary skull.
NMMNH P-39047: Incomplete right ischium and right ilium.
NMMNH P-29046: Right femur..
NMMNH P-31293: Left tibia.
2 incomplete fibulae.
Note: Coelophysis size.
HUNT & LUCAS, 1989
Locality: Canjilion Quarry (also UCMP V2816, NMMNH locality 900), on Ghost Ranch property, NE 1/4, SW 1/4, SW 1/4, sec. 3, T24N, R4E, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.
Horizon: Petrified Forest Formation.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Revueltian, Early Norian Substage, Early Norian Epoch, Middle Late Triassic Epoch, Late Triassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: A partial skeleton.
HUNT & LUCAS, 1993Locality: Chama Basin, North-central New Mexico.
Horizon: Rock Point Formation.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Apachean, Late Norian Stage, Upper Late Triassic Epoch, Late Late Triassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
LUCAS, OAKES & FROEHLICH, 1985Locality: UNM V-601, SW 1/4, SW 1/4, SE 1/4, sec. 28, T9N, R26E, Blue Canyon, New Mexico.
Horizon: Chinle Group.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Late Carnian-Early Norian Stage, Late Triassic Epoch, Late Triassic.
Material:
UNM MV-535: Dorsal vertebral centrum.
Number: Not given: Teeth, metapodials and phalanges.
HECKERT, RINEHART, LUCAS, DOWNS, ESTEP, HARRIS, RESER & SNYDER, 1999, SPIELMANN, LUCAS, RINHART, HUNT, HECKERT & SULLIVAN, 2007
Locality: NMMNH locality-3845, Snyder Quarry, Near Ghost Ranch, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.
Horizon: Petrified Forest Formation, Chinle Group.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Revueltian, Early Norian Substage, Early Norian Epoch, Middle Late Triassic Epoch, Late Triassic.
Material:
NMMNH P-30852: Left premaxilla, left maxilla, right lacrimal, both dentaries and surangulars, left splenial, hyoid elements and 2 articluted anterior cervical vertebrae and cervical ribs.
SULLIVAN, 1994Locality: New Mexico.
Horizon: Chinle Group.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Late Triassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
= Coelophysis bauri (COPE, 1887) COPE, 1889 (original material)
Lectotype: AMNH 2772
Locality: Arroyo Seco, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.
Horizon: ?Upper Petrified Forest or Siltstone or Rock Point Formation, Chinle Group.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Late Carnian-Norian Stage, Late Triassic Epoch, Late Triassic.
Material: 4 conjoined sacral vertebrae.
Referred material:
3rd or 4th cervical vertebrae (A), 4th or 5th cervical (B), anterior dorsal vertebrae (C), dorsal vertebrae (D), fragments of right ilium, proximal part of left ischium, distal part of left ischium (E).
AMNH 2708: Fragmentary ilium.
= Coelophysis longicollis (COPE, 1887a) COPE, 1889 (nomen dubium)
Etymology: Latin, longicollis, "long neck."
= Coelurus longicolllis COPE, 1887a (nomen dubium)
= Tanystrophaeus longicollis (COPE, 1887a) COPE, 1887b (nomen dubium)
= Coelophysis collis HAUGHTON, 1932 (sic)Lectotype: AMNH 2701
Locality: Gallina, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.
Horizon: ?Upper Petrified Forest or Siltstone or Rock Point Formation, Chinle Group.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Late Carnian-Norian Stage, Late Triassic Epoch, Late Triassic.
Material: Cervical vertebra.
Referred material:
Middle caudal centra, fragment of scapula, distal end of a metacarpal, distal end of a metacarpal, first phalange of digit 1, fragmentary ilium, right pubis, right femur.
COLBERT, 1989
AMNH 2702: Centrum of mid-caudal vertebra.
AMNH 2703: Ungual phalanx.
AMNH 2706: Right pubis.
AMNH 2707: A first phalanx.
AMNH 2708: Fragmentary right ilium.
AMNH 2715: Centrum of a dorsal vertebra.
AMNH 2728: Distal end of a metacarpal or metatarsal.
AMNH 2729: Transverse process of a dorsal vertebra or possibly the distal end of an ischium.
AMNH 2730: Distal end of a metacarpal or metatarsal.
AMNH 2731: “Articular extremity of scapula”
AMNH 2739: Centrum of a dorsal vertebra.
AMNH 2749: Centrum of dorsal vertebra.
= Longosaurus longicollis WELLES, 1984 (nomen dubium)
Etymology: Latin, longi, "long" and Latin, collum, "neck."Holotype: AMNH 2705
Locality: New Mexico.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Late Carnian-Early Norian Stage, Late Triassic Epoch, Late Triassic.
Material: A partial right ilium.
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