Genus: Majungatholus SUES & TAQUET, 1979
Etymology: The generic name is derived form the Majunga District (where the specimen was found) and Latin, tholous, “dome”: “Majunga dome”.
= Majungotholus GOODWIN, 1990 (sic)

Species: atopus SUES & TAQUET, 1979
Etymology: Greek, atopos, “strange or out of place.”

Holotype: MNHN.MAJ 4

Locality: "Gres de Maevano", excate locality not recorded, Majunga District, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material: Partial skull, consisting of the frontals and parietals with an endocast.

Note: Possibly the same genus as Majungasaurus.

(After SAMPSON & WITMER, 2007, FMNH PR 2100)

Note: Some specimens show paleopathologies (FARKE, 2004).

Referred material:

BRUCH & CARRANO, 2012

Locality: Quarry MAD 05-42, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FMNH PR 2836: A single articulated pectoral girdle and forelimb.

FMNH PR 2832: Partial left radius.

FMNH PR 2835: Right radius.

FMNH PR 2833: Right metacarpl I.

FMNH PR 2834: Right phalanx III-1.

UA 9856: Right humerus.

UA 9860: Left ulna.

 

FANTI & THERRIEN, 2007

Locality: Berivotra, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, northeastern Madagascar.

Horizon: Anebalemba Member, Maevarano Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

Morphotype 3

MSNM V 3317-3342, 3344, 3345, 3348-3353, 3355, 3356, 3358, 3371-3373, 3375, 5337, 5339, 5341, 5342, 5344, 5345, 5346-5348, 5350-5353, 5355, 5357, 5359, 5361-5363, 5366, 5367, 5370, 5374, 5375, 5380, 5383-5386, 5388-5393, 5395, 5396, 5399-5401, 5413-5418, 5429, 5430, 5432-5454, 5436, 5437, 5439, 5440, 5442, 5445, 5446, 5449, 5451, 5454, 5489, 5490, 5491, 5494, 5497, 5498, 5502, 5503, 5511-5517, 5519, 5520, 5585, 5586, 5587, 5588: 124 Lateral teeth.

Morphotype 4

MSNM V 3354, 3357, 3359, 3360, 3362, 3363, 3368, 3370, 3374, 5340, 5354, 5364, 5381, 5406, 5407, 5409, 5410, 5431, 5488, 5495, 5499, 5500, 5501, 5518: 25 intermediate lateral teeth.

Morphotype 5

MSNM V 3361, 3364, 3365, 2267, 3369, 3385, 5338, 5343, 5358, 5360, 5368, 5408, 5411, 5412, 5443, 5492, 5493, 5496, 5581, 5582: 20 premaxillary teeth.

 

KRAUSE & DODSON, 1994/SAMPSON, KRAUSE, DODSON & FORSTER, 1996/KRAUSE, SAMPSON, CARRANO & O'CONNER, 2007

Locality: Unspecified locality in the Berivotra study area, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FSL 92.290: Pedal ungual phalanx.

UA Bv 532: Left pedal phalanx I-2.

UA Bv 1658: Left pedal phalanx I-2.

UA Bv 1260: Right pedal phalanx II-2.

UA Bv 1265: Left pedal phalanx III-1.

FMNH PR 2198, 2288, FSL 92.3068a-b, MNHN 1911a-d, MNHN.MAJ 242, MNHN.MAJ 249: Teeth.

 

Locality: Unspecified locality in the 'Majunga District', Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

MNHN.MAJ 4: Partial skull roof with portions of partily fused frontals (with rounded median cornual process), parietals, caudal process of right lacrimal, sphenethmoid, and laterosphenoids of an adult.

 

 

Locality: Quarry MAD 01-05, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

UA 8719: Partial skull roof.

 

Locality: Quarry MAD 93-01, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FMNH PR 2425: Left astragalocalcaneum.

UA 8718: Partial left lacrimal.

UA 8782: Distal portion of left quadrate.

 

 

Locality: Quarry MAD 93-18, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FMNH PR 2294: 5 articulated caudal vertebrae. vertebral series consisting of 2 partially preserved distal caudal vertebrae, 2 chevrons, and distal unit composed of 3 fused vertebrae.

Note: Pathology.

FMNH PR 2295: 2rd cervical vertebra.

FMNH PR 2323: Left tibia.

FMNH PR 2423: Right humerus.

FMNH PR 2425: Right pedal phalanx II-1.

FMNH PR 2428: Left pedalphalanges II-2 and III-2 and the distal end of right pedal phalanx.

FMNH PR 2433: Right pedal phalanx IV-4.

FMNH PR 2434: Left pedal phalanx VI-5.

FMNH PR 2442: A distal caudal vertebra.

Note: Pathology, abnormal growth on dorsal aspect of the neural spine.

 

 

Locality: Quarry MAD 93-19, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FMNH PR 2431: Left pedal phalanx IV -3.

 

Locality: Field locality MAD 93-33, latitude 15°54;28.31”S and longitude 46°34’56.38”E, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage?, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FMNH PR 2008: Right premaxilla.

SAMPSON & WITMER, 2007

FMNH PR 2099:Partial skull roof inculding partially fused frontals with small median cornual process or 'horn'core', of an immature individual.

UA 8709: Nearly complete, articulated, but poorly preserved skull, including maxillae, nasals, frontals, jugals, lacrimals, right postorbital and squamosal, pterygoids, ectopteryolids, right palaitne and partial briancase, with both lower jaws.

FMNN PR 2430: Left pedal IV-1.

UA 8716: Right premaxilla.

UA 8717: Right and left premaxillae.

 

Locality: Quarry MAD 93-73, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

UA 9032: Left tibia.

 

Locality: Quarry MAD 95-14, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FMNH PR 2293: Axis (C2) vertebra.

 

Locality: Quarry MAD 95-16, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

UA 9038: Left pedal phalanx II-3.

 

(SAMPSON, WITMER, FORSTER, KRAUSE, O’CONNOR, DODSON & RAVOAVY, 1998)

Locality: Quarry MAD 96-01, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FMNH PR2100: Nearly complete skull, missing only left premaxila, right petrygoid, right ectopterygoid, both epipterygoids, both vomers and both columellae, 26 associated caudal vertebrae with 18 heemal arches.
Note: Tooth marks on a caudal neural arch (field number 96313-1), chevrons (field number 96212-44C, 96313-31D, 96313-22), and a transverse process (field number 96313-31) from another Majungatholus (ROGERS, KRAUSE & ROGERS, 2003).

UA 9089: 4 proximal caudals.

OCONNOR & SAMPSON, 1998

Number: Not given: Partial skull, cervical ribs, and a complete left ilium, 23 presacral vertebrae, a partial sacrum, and 5 proximal caudal vertebrae.

 

Locality: Quarry MAD 96-07, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FMNH PR 2427: Right pedal phalanx II-2.

 

 

Locality: Quarry MAD 96-18, Ankazomihaboka, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

UA 9043: Pedal phalanx IV-5.

 

(ROGERS, KRAUSE & ROGERS, 2003)

Locality: Quarry MAD 96-21, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

UA 8678: Incomplete and disaticulated skull including left splenial, left prearticular, right surangular, and right squamosal, 23 presacral vertebrae, 13 cervical, 14 dorsal ribs, a partial sacrum, 5 proximal caudal vertebrae, 1 middle caudal vertebra, teh first haemal arch and ilia.
Note: Tooth marks on rib (field number 96300-C) from another Majungatholus.

 

Locality: Quarry MAD 99-26, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FMNH PR 2278: Partial skull including partially fused left and right premaxillae, left and right maxillae, left jugal, left jugal, left quadratojugal, left ectopterygoid, left quadrate, left suragnular, left angular, left prearticular, left articular, 2 fragmentary cervical neurl arches, 3 fragmentary dorsal vertebrae, a fragmentary caudal vertebra, left scapulocoracoid, partial left ilium, left femur, left and fragmentary right tibiae, left and partial right fibulae, left astragalocalcancum, left metatarsals II-IV, right pedal phalanges II-1, adn IV-2, and left phalanges IV-2 and IV-of a near adult.

 

 

Locality: Quarry MAD 99-32, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FMNH PR 2432: Left pedal phalanx IV-4.

UA 9039: Right pedal phalanx III-1.

 

 

Locality: Quarry MAD 99-33, Mahajanga Basin, Mahajana Province, Northwestern Madagascar.

Horizon: Continental “Maevarano Formation”.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Uppermost Senonian Subepoch, Uppermost Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FMNH PR 2430: Right pedal phalanx IV-3.

UA 8709: Nearly complete, articulated, but poorly preserved skull including maxillae, nasals, frontals, jugals, lacrimals, right postorbital and squamosal, pterygoid, ectopterygoids, right platine, and parital braincase and both lower jaws.

UA 8717: Right and left premaxillae.

UA 9031: Left humerus.

UA 9033: /Right astragalocalcaneum.

UA 9034: Left metatarsall II.

UA 9035: Left metatarsal IV.

UA 9036: Left pedal phalanx II-2.

UA 9037: Right pedal phalanx II-2.

UA 9040: Right pedal phalanx IV-1.

UA 9041: Right pedal phalanx IV-2.

UA 9077: Left tibia and fibula.

UA 9078: Right tibia.

UA 9079: Left metatarsal III.

UA 9081: Right pedal phalanx III-1 or III-2.

UA 9082: Astragalus.

 

SMITH & KRAUSE, 2003

Locality: Gujarat State, India.

Horizon: Lameta Group.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Maastrichtian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

GSI 19991-19995: 5 teeth.