Genus: Ichthyosaurus De la BECHE & CONYBEARE, 1821
Etymology: Greek, ikhthyos (ikthys), “fish” and Greek, sauros, “lizard”:
Fish lizard.
= Eurypterygius JAEKEL, 1904
Etymology: Greek, eurys, “wide”, Greek, pterygion, “fin” +
us: Wide fin.
= Gryphus WAGLER, 1830
Etymology: Greek, Grypus “griffin”, Half-bird, Half-lion.
= Ichthyoterus ROUILLIER, 1847 (sic)
= Paramecostinus HAWKINS, 1840
Etymology :
= Polyostinus HAWKINS, 1840
Etymology:
= Proteosaurus HOME, 1819
Etymology: Proteus, (genus of amphibian) and Greek, sauros, “lizard”:
Proteus lizard.
Species: communis De la BECHE & CONYBEARE, 1821
Etymology:
Holotype: GSM (?) 4476
Locality: ?Lyme Regis, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material: Tooth.
Holotype: Now lost
Locality: Lyme Regis coast, Pinhay Bay- Charmouth, (SY 3291-SY 3794), Dorset
County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Hettangian-Pliensbachian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Early Jurassic.
Material: A partial skeleton.
Neotype: NHMUK (old BMNH) R1162
After Huene.
Referred material:
WEEDEN & CHAPMAN, 2022
CAMSM J35187: Skull and skeleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Seeley, 1869, Price 1986, Massare et al, 2015, Ichthyosaurus communis Massare & Lomx, 2017, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
CAMSM J35188: Skull and skeleton of a young individual.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Seeley, 1869, Massre & Lomax, 2017, Ichthyosaurus communis Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
CAMSM X50259: Case of a skeleton of a small indiviudal.
CAMSM J35189: Skull and skeleton.
Note: Un-maned Price, 1986, Ichthyosaurus ?communis Massare & Lomax, 2019 (as 'CAMSM 35289') (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
CHUMUS 2015.0102: Partial skeleton missing the tup of the tail with many ribs broken adn lost.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Massare & Lomax, 2017, Ichthyosaurus ?communis Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
FMNH P 25027: Almost complete skull and skeleton.
MCZ 1079: Partial skleton missing peovic girdle and hind fins with some ribs disarticualted and positioned ventral to articulated ribs.
MCZ 1493: Partial skeleton missing pelvic girdle, hind fins, many ribs, adn tip of tail.
NHMUK PV OR 30877: Skull with atnerior vertebrae and disarticulated partial pectoal girdle and forefin.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Lydekke,r 1889, Ichthyosaurus ?communis LOMAX pers comm to Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
OUMNH PAL1J.10313: Skull with sclerotic ring lacking top of rosturm an much of the posterior skull roof, Hyobranchial apparatus visible.
OUMNH PAL-J.10341/p: Cast of a small indivual originally at the Geological Society of Londong figured by Buckland (1836) (CAMSM X20259).
PETMG R 174: Near comlpete skeleton in lateral view.
ROM VP 12805: Partial skeleton, missing pelvic girdle and hind fins.
YPM 9204: Partial skelton mising hind fins.
McGOWAN, 1974
NHMUK PV (old BMNH) R1073: Skull and skeleton.
NHMUKJ PV OR (old BMNH) 36256: Skull and skeleton.
= cf. Ichthyosaurus communis BRUSATTE, YOUNG, CHALLANDS, CLARK, FISCHER,
FRASER, LISTON, MacFADYEN, ROSS, WALSH, & WILKINSON, 2015
Locality: On the shore of Boreraig, Suisnish, south Isle of Skye, Inverness-Shire
County, Highland Province, Scotland, Northern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Hallaig Sandstone Member, Ardnish Formation.
Biostratigraphy: C. turneri ammonite zone.
Age: Lower Sinemurian Stage, Lower Middle Lias Epoch, Lower Jurassic.
Material:
SM 1976.1999.8: Lower jaw, and teeth.
NMS G.2014.21.1: Tooth.
DELAIR, 1960
Oxford University Museum J.10302, J.10303, J.10329, etc: Partial skeletons
of juveniles.
J. 12127: A large scapula.
J. 12141: A paddle.
J. 12216: Vertebrae.
Royal College of Surgeons: G.1, G.9, G.11, G.13: Some cranial bones, a paddle,
and a nearly complete skeleton.
Note: Now at the Dorset County Museum.
HAWKINS
Number: Not given: Skull and skeleton.
LYDEKKER, 1890
NHMUK PV (old BMNH) R1996: Skull and skeleton.
NHMUK PV (old BMNH) R1997: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton.
McGOWAN, 1974
NHMUK PV (old BMNH) R1071: Fragmentary skeleton.
OWEN, 1854
Royal College of Surgeons 134: Skull and skeleton of a juvenile.
Royal College of Surgeons 135: Part of skull and the beginning of the vertebral
column with the pelvic arch of a juvenile.
Royal College of Surgeons 137: Plaster cast of a large skull.
Royal College of Surgeons 138: Fragmentary skull and dentary of a juvenile.
Royal College of Surgeons 139: A transverse section of both upper and lower
jaws.
Royal College of Surgeons 140: A similar section of another specimen.
Royal College of Surgeons 141: A longitudinal section of the middle part of
the upper and lower jaws.
Royal College of Surgeons 142: Fragment of upper and lower jaws.
Royal College of Surgeons 143: Portion of upper and lower jaws.
Royal College of Surgeons 144: A section of upper and lower jaws of a juvenile.
Royal College of Surgeons 145: A section of upper jaw and 5 teeth.
Royal College of Surgeons 146: A portion of jaw with 11 teeth.
Royal College of Surgeons 147: A section of lower jaw with 5 teeth.
Royal College of Surgeons 148: A transverse section of 2 rami of lower jaw.
Royal College of Surgeons 152: Tooth.
PATON, 1975
RSM: 1 complete skeleton and 1 paddle.
SOLLAS
Number: Not given: Skull.
DOLLO, 1909
Locality: Suburbs of Arlon, Luxemburg.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
Appendix in DEEMING et. Al, 1993
Locality:
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age:
Material:
NHMUK PV (old BMNH) R120: Intact.
NHMUK PV (old BMNH) R3372A: “Small associated”.
BRLSI M3350: Intact.
BRLSI M3354: Skull.
BRLSI M3359: Intact.
BRLSI M3369: Intact.
LARKIN, LOMAX, BOOMER, & SMITHSON, 2016
Locality: Possibly Hock Cliff, Gloucestershire County, England, Southern
United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostatigraphy: S. complanata Sub-bizone, S. angulata biozone to V. conybeari sub-bioszone, A. bucklandi biozone (based on microfossils in the matrix, Lomax et al,. 2019)
Age: Latest Hettangian to very early Sinemurian Stage, Lower Middle Lias
Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
Lapworth Museum of Geology, no. BU5289: Nearly complete neonate skeleton.
MAISCH & REISDORF, 2006
Locality: Claystone pit, Frick, Switzerland.
Horizon: Arietenkalk.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Sinemurian Stage, Lower Middle Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
SMF 46: Incomplete skull.
MAISCH, REISDORF, SCHLATTER & WETZEL, 2008
Locality: Frick, Canton Aargu, Northern Switzerland.
Horizon: Upper part of the "Beggingen Member", previously "Arietenkalk".
Biostratigraphy: Semicostatum Zone.
Horizon: Lower Sinemurian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
SMF 46: An incomplete skull, a possible rib fragment (on the slab of SMF
46).
SMF 66: 2 complete and a third fragmentary vertebra.
MASSARE, LOMAX, WILLIAMS & HOWELLS, 2024
Locality:
Horizon:
Biostratrigraphy:
Age:
Material:
BRLSI M3549: Fragmentary skeleton.
BRLSIL GP0650: Portion of a rostrum with teeth.
OWEN, 1842
Locality: Barrow-on-Soar, Leichestershire County, England, Southern United
Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Pelvic paddle and impressions of integument’s.
OWEN, 1854
Locality: Unknown, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Unknown.
Locality:
Royal College of Surgeons 149: A portion of upper and lower jaws.
Royal College of Surgeons 153: Base of tooth.
Locality: Bath, Somersetshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Oolite Formation.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Late Jurassic.
Material:
Royal College of Surgeons 150: Teeth.
Royal College of Surgeons 151: Teeth.
Locality: Leichestershire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
Royal College of Surgeons 136: A plaster cast of a fragmentary skull.
Locality: Somersetshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Oolite.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
Royal College of Surgeons 154: Centrum.
REIFF
Locality: Aldingen, Baden-Wurttemburg State, Germany.
Horizon: Arietenkalk.
Biostratigraphy: Bucklandii zone.
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
Stuttgart Naturaliensammlung: Fragmentary skull.
Locality: Dusslingen, Baden-Wurttemberg State, Germany.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy: Tuberculatus zone.
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
Tubingen Geol. Uinv. Inst: Posterior dorsal vertebrae.
Locality: Schaichhof, Baden-Wurttemberg State, Germany.
Horizon: Arietenkalk.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
Stuttgart Naturaliensammlung: Dorsal vertebrae.
Locality: Frittlingen, Baden-Wurttemberg State, Germany.
Horizon: Early Arientenkalk.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
TUBINGEN Geol. Uinv. Inst: Dorsal vertebrae.
Locality: Malsch, Baden-Wurttemberg State, Germany.
Horizon: Arientalk.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
Stuttgart Naturaliensammlung: Caudal vertebrae.
KARLSRUHE, Bad. LANDESSAMLUNG F. Naturke.
Locality: Malsch, Baden-Wurttemberg State, Germany.
Horizon: Doppelfels.
Biostratigraphy: Kuperfeleszone.
Age: Late Triassic?
Material:
Number: Not given: Basisphenoid, teeth, dorsal and caudal vertebrae, scapula,
coracoid, and humerus fragment.
= Ichthyosaurus cf. communis SOUSA & MATEUS, 2021
Locality: Praia de nossa Senhora da Victoria, 39°42'25"N, 9°3'4"W, Alcobaca Municipality, Portugal.
Horizon: Lower section of Coimbra Formation.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Sinemurian Stage, Lias Epoch, Early Cretaceous.
Material:
IST-DT 85: Almost complete left forelimb with disarticulated phalanges of the right limb.
WOODWARD
Locality: Sommerset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Skull and skeleton showing embryos.
= Proteosaurus HOME, 1819
= Ichthyosaurus cf communis VINCENT, TAQUET, FISCHER, BARDET, FALCONNET, & GODEFROIT,
2014
Locality: Lyme Regis coast, Dorset
County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Hettangian-Pliensbachian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Early Jurassic.
Material:
MHNAC 9682: Skull lacking the anterior half of the rostrum and left posterolateal
side, and nearly complete skeleton. Note: Destroyed during WWII.
YPM VP.001989, MB.R.1891: Casts of the specimen.
= Gryphus WAGLER, 1830
Holotype:
Locality:
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age:
Material:
= Ichthyosaurus chiroparamekostinus HAWKINS, 1834
Etymology:
Holotype:
Locality:
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age:
Material:
= Ichthyosaurus chiropolyostinus HAWKINS, 1834 (nomen dubium)
Etymology:
= Eurypterygius chiropolyostinus (HAWKINS, 1834) HUENE, 1922
Holotype:
Locality:
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age:
Material:
= Ichthyosaurus latimanus OWEN, 1840
Etymology:
= Eurypterygius latimanus (OWEN, 1840) HUENE, 1922
Holotype:
Locality: Saaltford, near Bath and the Penarth Beds of Glamorganshire County,
England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Rhetic.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Rhaetian, Uppermost Late Triassic Epoch, Latest Triassic.
Material: Skull and skeleton.
Note: According to Spamer & Daeschler, 1995
= Eurypterygius communis HUENE 1922 (partim)
Locality:
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age:
Material:
Number: Not given:
= Stenopterygius hauffianus (HUENE, 1922) MAISCH, 1997
Locality: Probably Robin Hood's Bay, Whitby, Yorkshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Upper Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
SMNS 13111: Skull.
Note: Ichthyosaurus intermedius Conybeare, 1833, Woodward & Sherborn, 1890, Maisch, 1997, Stenopterygius hauffianus Hueen, 1922, McGowan, 1978, 1979, Benton & Taylor, 1984, Ichthyosaurus communis (McGowan & Motania, 2003, Massare & Lomax, 2017, Lomax, 2019, Massare et al, 2021 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
OWEN, 1854
Locality: Lyme Regis coast, Pinhay Bay- Charmouth, (SY 3291-SY 3794), Dorset
County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Hettangian-Pliensbachian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Early Jurassic.
Material:
Royal College of Surgeons 156: Skull and skeleton.
Royal College of Surgeons 158: Portions of skull, vertebrae and forepaddle.
Royal College of Surgeons 160: Fragmentary skull and anterior trunk vertebrae.
Royal College of Surgeons 161: A section of same block with vertebral parts,
scapulararch and bones of anterior paddle.
Royal College of Surgeons 162: Basioccipital.
Royal College of Surgeons 163: Cast of atlas and axis of a juvenile.
Locality: Somersetshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
Royal College of Surgeons 164: A centrum.
Locality: Axmouth, Devon County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
Royal College of Surgeons 157: Portion of upper and lower jaws.
Locality: Street, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
Royal College of Surgeons 159: A fragment of upper and lower jaws.
PATON, 1975
Locality: Lyme Regis coast, Pinhay Bay- Charmouth, (SY 3291-SY 3794), Dorset
County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Sinemurian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
RSM: 1 paddle.
Locality: Unknown, Yorkshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Toarcian Stage, Upper Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
RSM: 1 paddle.
Locality: Unknown.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Unknown.
Material:
RSM: 1 complete skeleton.
REIFF,
Locality: Malsch, Baden-Wurttemberg State, Germany.
Horizon: Doppelfels.
Biostratigraphy: Kuperfelzone.
Age: Late Triassic?
Material:
Karlsruhe, bad. Landessammlung f. Naturkde: Dorsal and caudal vertebrae.
SAUVAGE
Locality: Watchet, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Skull and skeleton.
= Ichthyosaurus chiroparamekostinus HAWKINS, 1832
Etymology:
= Eurypterygius chiroparamekostinus (HAWKINS, 1834) HUENE, 1922
Holotype:
Locality:
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age:
Mateiral:
= Ichthyosaurus paramekostinus HAWKINS, 1840 (nomen nudum)
Etymology:
Note: Hawkins may be describing the type material.
= Ichthyosaurus intermedius CONYBEARE, 1822
Etymology: Latin, intermedius, "intermediate."
= Eurypterygius intermedius (CONYBEARE, 1822) JAEKEL, 1904
Holotype:
Locality: Lyme Regis coast, Pinhay Bay- Charmouth, (SY 3291-SY 3794), Dorset
County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Hettangian-Pliensbachian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Early Jurassic.
Material: Skull and skeleton.
Note: According to Delair, 1960 the type is a tooth.
Referred material:
BENTON & TAYLOR, 1984
Locality: Robin Hood’s Bay, Whitby, Yorkshire County, England, Southern
United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Middle Upper Sinemurian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
NHMUK PV (old BMNH) R653: A poor skeleton.
DELAIR, 1960
Locality: Lyme Regis coast, Pinhay Bay- Charmouth, (SY 3291-SY 3794), Dorset
County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Hettangian-Pliensbachian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Early Jurassic.
Material:
Oxford University Museum J.1236a-b, J.12362, J.12364a-b: Sections of rami
and teeth.
/MANSEL-PLEYDELL
Locality: Charmouth, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
DEEMING, HALSTEAD, MANABE & UNWIN, 1993
Locality: England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Hettangian-Sinemurian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
BRSMG Ce 921: Intact.
NMW b: Intact (Cast)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: breviceps OWEN, 1883
Etymology: Latin, brevis, "short" and Latin, -ceps, "head."
= Eurypterygius breviceps (OWEN, 1883) HUENE, 1922
Holotype: NHMUK PV (old BMNH) 43006
Locality: Lyme Regis coast, Pinhay Bay- Charmouth, (SY 3291-SY 3794), Dorset
County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Upper Hettangian-Lower Sinemurian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material: Skull and skeleton.
Referred material:
NHMUK PV OR (old BMNH R) 216, 8437, R1074: Skulls and skeletons.
NHMUK PV OR (old BMNH R) R3367: Skull and partial pectoral girdle with some vertebrae and ribs.
NHMUK PV OR (old BMNH R) R39263: Skull.
NHMUK PV OR (old BMNH R) 33277: Skull and fragmentary skeleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Lydekker, 1889, Ichthyosaurus breviceps McGowan, 1974, Massare & Lomax, 2014 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
MASSARE & LOMAX, 2014
CAMSMZ X50187: Composite skull and skeleton, with added anterior caudal
vertebra.
Note: Ichthyosaurus cf. communis Price, 1986, Ichthyosaurus breviceps Massare & Lomax, 2014, Lomax & Massare, 2015, Massare et al, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
= Ichthyosaurus ?breviceps MASSARE, LOMAX, WILLIAMS & HOWELLS, 2024
BRLSI M3570: Partial skull and nearly complete skeleton.
BRLSI M3580: Partial specimen.
WEEDEN & CHAPMAN, 2022
BGS GSM 955: Almost complete skelton missing tip of tial and stomach contents present.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Massare et al 2015, Massare & Lomax, 2017, Ichthyosaurus breviceps Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
TM F002727: Partial skeleton with left forefin roatated under the skull
NON Ichthyosaurus breviceps OWEN, 1881
NON Eurypterygius breviceps (OWEN, 1881)
= Ichthyosaurus cf. I. breviceps McMENAMIN, FLEURY, SCHULTE
McMENAMIN, HUSSEY, ORR, AND BOUSE, 2016
Locality: Schomberg Quarry, Holzmaden, Baden-Wurttemberg State,
Germany.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Lias
Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
Private collection of P. Reiter: Skull and skeleton. Note: With a broken
neck caused by a cephalopod?
WEEDEN & CHAPMAN, 2022
Locality: Foreshore below Black Ven, Lyme Regis, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
NHMUK VP OR (old BMNH) 2001: Small sksleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus chiropolyostinus Hawkins, 1834, 1840, Ichthyosaurus communis Owen, 1840, Mantell, 1851, Lydekke,r 1889, Woodward & Sherborn, 1890, Eurypterygius communis Huene, 1922, Ichthyosaurus ?breviceps McGowan, 1974, Massare & Lomax, 2019, Ichthyosaurus breviceps Massare, 1988, Massare & Lomax, 2017 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: conybeari LYDEKKER, 1888
Etymology: In honor of English geologist, palaeontologist and clergyman William Daniel Conybeare.
= Eurypterygius conybeari (LYDEKKER, 1888) HUENE, 1922
Holotype: NHMUK OR (old BMNH) 38523
Locality: Lyme Regis coast, Pinhay Bay- Charmouth, (SY 3291-SY 3794), Dorset
County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Upper Hettangian-Lower Sinemurian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material: Skull and incomplete skeleton.
Referred material:
BGS (old IGS) 956: Skull and skeleton.
WEEDEN & CHAPMAN, 2022
CAMSM X50224: Skull adn skeleton of a juvenile.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Massare et al, 2015, Ichthyosaurus conybeari Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
NHMUKJ PV (old BMNH) R5790: Anterior portion of the hind fin.
RAMM 124/2009: Partial skeleton missing tip of tail.
= Ichthyosaurus communis BENNETT, BARRETT, COLLINSON, MOORE-FAY, DAVIS & PALMER, 2012
Locality: From a wave-cut platform, foreshore at SY38440 92566, west of Westhay Water, Stonebarrow,
east of Charmouth, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingtom.
Horizon: Stonebarrow Marls Member, Charmouth Mudstone Formation.
Biostratigraphy: P. polymorphous Subzone, U. jamesoni Zone.
Age: Lower Pliensbachian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Early Jurassic.
Material:
NHMUK R15907: Fragmentary skull and skeleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus communis Bennett et al 2012, Ichthyosaurus conybeari Massare & Lomax, 2016 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
LOMAX, SACHS & HALL, 2022
Locality: Charmouth-Lyme Regis area, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Lower Lias.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Sinemurian Stage, Middle Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
RNHM F5672: Composite skeleton. Hindfins, pelvic girdle adn soem ribs.
Note: Some of the skeleton is a forgery.
Note: Some of the vertebrae belong to Stenopterygius sp from Holzmaden, Germany.
MASSARE & LOMAX, 2016
Locality: Low tide, beach at Doniford Bay, Watchet, Somerset County, England.
Horizon: Blue Lias Formation.
Biostratigraphy: A. bucklandi Zone.
Age: Lower Sinemurian Stage, Middle Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
NMW 93.5G.2: Pratically complete, fully articulated specimen.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Massare et al, 2015, Ichthyosaurus conybeari Massare & Lomax, 2017, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
PATON, 1975
Locality: Lyme Regis coast, Pinhay Bay- Charmouth, (SY 3291-SY 3794), Dorset
County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Sinemurian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
RSM: 1 complete skeleton.
WEEDEN & CHAPMAN, 2022
Locality: Probably Somerset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
SMNS 58275: Partial skeleton.
Locality: Unknown, , England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
NHMUK PV R 11801#: Skull lacking tip of snouth and lower jaw and partial skeleton missing distal parts of tail and hind fin.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Massare et al.2014, Ichthyosaurus ?conybeari Massare & Lomax, 2019, Massare et al., 2021 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
Locality: Walton, Somerset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
OUMNH PAL-J.10310: Skull and skeleton (composite specimen Massare & Lomax, 2016).
Note: Ichthyosaurus intermedius (written on matrix), Ichthyosaurus communis (Ichthyosaurus intermedius = synonym McGowan, 1974, McGowan & Motani, 2003, Massare & Lomax, 2017), Ichthyosaurus ?conybeari Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
Locality: Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
USNM V4967: Partial skull missing tip of rosturm broken and upturned and partial skeleton missing tip of tail.
= Ichthyosaurus latimanus OWEN, 1840
Etymology:
Holotype:
Locality: Perhaps from a quarry from Nightcott, in the parish of Banwell,
Somerset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material: Complete skeleton.
Referred material:
SPAMER, DAESCHLER, & VOSTREYS-SHAPIRO, 1995
ANSP 17456: Cast of type.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: changduensis ZHAO, 1986
Etymology:
Holotype:
Locality:
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age:
Material:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: anningae LOMAX & MASSARE, 2015
Etymology: In honor of early paleontologist and fossil collector Mary Anning, whose hard work adn dedication brought among many other fossils, the ichthyosaurs from Lyme Regis, Dorset, to the attention of the scientific community.<
= Species Nova LOMAX & MASSARE, 2011
Holotype: DONMG:1983:98
Locality: Unknown, Charmouth Area, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Stonebarrow Marl Member, Charmouth Mudstone Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Belemnite Bairstowius juceus indicates bed 110 of Lange et al 1928, Belemnite Marls, P. polymorphus sub-biozone, U. jamesoni biozone.
Age: Lower Pliensbachian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material: Skull, articulated cervical and dorsal vertebrae with ribs, a nearly
complete pectoral girdle, and an articulated forelimb.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Lomax, 2010, Bennett et al. 2012, Ichthyosaurus anningae Lomax & Massare, 2015, 2016 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
Referred material:
Locality: Unknown, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Stonebarrow Marl Member, Charmouth Mudstone Formation.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Pliensbachian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
NMW G.1597: A partial skull with anterior centra and partial forefin.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Massare & Lomax, 2013, Ichthyosaurus anningae Lomax & Massare, 2015, 2016 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
Locality: Lyme Regis, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Stonebarrow Marl Member, Charmouth Mudstone Formation.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Pliensbachian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
NHMUK OR 35566: A complete left forefin.
NHMUK OR 120: Small skeleton with stomach conttents.
Note: Ichthyosaurus communis Lydekker, 1889, Massare, 1987, Chapman & Milner, 2020, Ichthyosaurus anningae Lomax & Massare, 2015, Massare et al 2015, Massare & Lomax, 2016, 2017, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
NHMUK PV OR 10028: Skull and skeleton.
WEEDEN & CHAPMAN, 2022
OUMNH PAL-J.13597: Skull and fragmentary skeleton.
Note: Large gastric contentd between ribs including fish fragments and cephalopod hooklets.
Note: Ichthyosaurus communis Buckland, 1836, Pollard, 1968, Ichthyosaurus sp Massare, 1987, Massare et al, 2015, Bennett et al, 2012, Massare & Lomax, 2016, Ichthyosaurus anningae Massare et al. 2021 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: larkini LOMAX, & MASSARE,
2016
Etymology: In honour of Nigel Larkin who has made substantial contributions to
palaeontology, especially through his consveration work on marine reptiles. Our
work has greatly benefited from his skills and attention to detail.
Holotype: BRSUG 25300
Locality: Walton, near Street, Somerset County, England, Southern United
Kingdom.
Horizon: Blue Lias Formation.
Biostratigraphy: P. tilmanni or P. planorbis biozone.
Age: Hettangian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material: A paractically complete skeleton comprising the skull, pectoral
girdle, elements of both forefins, proximal hindfins, pelvic girdle, ribs,
gastralia and the vertebral column.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Massare et al, 2015, Ichthyosaurus larkini Massare & Lomax, 2016, 2017, 2019, Massare et al., 2021 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
Referred material:
Locality: Street, Somerset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Blue Lias Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Pre-planorbis beds.
Age: Hettangian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
SMC J59575: Composite skeleton with added posterior portion of skeleton
(MASSARE, & LOMAX, 2016)
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Seeley, 1869, Ichthyosaurus communis McGowan, 1974, Lomax & Massare, 2015, Massare et al,. 2015, Ichthyosaurus larkini Massare & Lomax, 2016, 2017, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
SOMAG/GEO (old AGC) 11: A nearly complete skeleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus communis Tayler et al., 2009, Ichthyosaurus sp Massare et al., 2015, Ichthyosaurus larkini Lomax & Massare, 2017, 2018, Massare et al, 2021 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
NHMUK PV OR5595: A nearly comlete skeleton, but not all of the
limbs are authentic.
Note: Ichthyosaruus communis Massare & Lomax, 2016, Ichthyosaurus larkini Lomax & Massre, 2017, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
MASSARE & LOMAX, 2019
Locality: Barrow-on-Soar, Lecestershire, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biosratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
NOTNH F3450: Isoalted hind fin wiht portion of verterbal column.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: somersetensis
LOMAX, & MASSARE, 2016
Etymology: In reference to the county of Somerset, in south-west England, where
numerous specimens of Ichthyosaurus, including the holotype and referred
specimens of I. somersetensis sp. nov., were discovered.
= Paramecostinus HAWKINS, 1840
= Ichthyosaurus intermedius OWEN, 1881
= Eurypterygius intermedius HUENE, 1922
= Ichthyosaurus communis McGOWN, 1974
Holotype: ANSP 15766
Locality: Possibly Glastonbury, Somerset County,
England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Blue Lias Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Pre-planorbis beds.
Age: Hettangian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
A practically complete skeleton comprising the skull, portions of the pectoral
girdle, both forefins, portions of the pelvic girdle, both hindfins, ribs,
gastralia, and an articulated vertebral column.
Note: Ichthyosaurus intermedius Taylor, 2016, Ichthyosaurus communis Massare & Lomax, 2014, 2015, 2016, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Lomax & Massare, 20178, 2018, 2019, Massare et al., 2021 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
Referred material:
Locality: Street, Somerset County,
England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Blue Lias Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Pre-planorbis beds.
Age: Hettangian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
BRSMG Cb4997: A farily complete skeleton.
NHMUK PV OR2013: A complete skeleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus chiroparamenkostinus Hawkins, 1834, Paramecostinus Hawkins, 1849, Ichthyosaurus intermedius Mantell, 1851, OWen, 1881, Lydekke,r 1889, Woodward & Sherborn, 1890, Eurypterygius intermedius Huene, 1922, Ichthyosaurus communis McGowan, 1973, 1974, 1991, 1994, Appleby, 19789, Massare, 1988, Motani et al., 1991, Motani, 2005, Massare & Lomax, 2016, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Lomax & MAssare, 2017, 2019, Massare et al, 2021 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
NHMUK JPV OR (old BMNH) 2013a: Small nearly complete skeleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus intermedius Owen, 1840, Lydekker, 1889, Ichthyosaurus communis McGowan, 1974, not Ichthyosaurus communis Massare & Lomax, 2017, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
SOMAG /GEO (old AGC( 16: A fragmentary
skeleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus communis Taylor et al., 2009, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2016, Lomax & Massare, 2017, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
SOMAG/GEO 17: Skull and skeleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus communis Taylor et al., 2009, Massare et al., 2015, Ichthyosaurus intermedius Massare & Lomax, 2016, Ichthyosaurus communius (Ichthyosaurus intermedius = synonym, Massare & Lomax, 2017), Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
ROM VP 26029: A fragmentary skeleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Massare et al., 2015, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Lomax & Massare, 2017, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
LOMAX & SACHS, 2017
Locality: Doniford Bay, Watchet, Somerset County,
England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Blue Lias Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Caloceras johnstoni Ammonite subzone, Psiloceras planorbis Ammonite zone.
Age: Hettangian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
NLMH 106234: Nearly complete skull and skeleton, mising the majority of its tail.
Note: Found with an embryo.
MASSARE, LOMAX, WILLIAMS & HOWELLS, 2024
Locality:
Horizon:
Biostatigraphy:
Age:
Material:
BRLSI M3550: Partically complete, articulated skeleton.
BRLSI M3554: Skull and partial skeleton.
BRLSI M3559: Partial skeleton.
BRLSI M3562: Skull and skeleton.
BRLSI M3569: Nearly complete skull and anterior skeleton.
BRLSI M3580: Skull and nearly complete skeleton.
BRLSI M0643: Isolated articulated forefin.
BRLSI M0645: Isoalted partial forefin.
MANCH L.9905: Proximal portion of an articulated left forelimb.
MANCH L.9911: A string of 13 articualted caudal vertebrae (including neural spines), a fairly complete hindfin, ischium, pubis, and distal portion of forefin.
WEEDEN & CHAPMAN, 2022
Locality: Watchet, Somerset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
BGS GSM 86785: Skull mising rostrum and partial forefing and 5 vertebrae.
Locality: Possibly Somerset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
BRSLI M3559: Partial skeleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Massare et al, 2015, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
Locality: Unknown, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
BRLSI M3569: Anterior part of skeleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus communis McGowna, 1989, Massare et al., 2015, Massare & Lomax, 2016, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Massare et al., 2021 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
Locality: Street, Somerset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Blue Lais Formation.
Biostratigraphy: P. tilmanni or P. planorbis biozone.
Age: Hettangian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
BRSMG Cb2578: Skull and skeleton of a subadult.
Note: Ichthyosaurus communis Buchholtz, 2001, Lomax & Massare 2015, Ichthyosaurus sp Massare et al., 2015, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2017 (from Weeden et al., 2022).
CAMSM J29574: Skull and skeleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Seeley, 1869, Massare et al. 2015, Massare & Lomax, 2016, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Massare et al., 2021 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
NHMUK PV OR (old BMNH) 14565: Skull and sksleton.
Note: Paramecostinus Hawkins, 1840, Ichthyosaurus intermedius Mantell, 1851, Lydekker, 1889, Woodward & Sherborn, 1890, Ichthyosaurus communis McGowan, 1972, 1874, McGowan & Motani, 2993, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
NHMUK PV OR 14567: Large skull and skeleton.
Note: Paramecostinus Hawkins, 1840, Ichthyosaurus intermedius Lydekker, 1889, Woodward & Sherborn, 1890, Ichthyosaurus communis (Ichthyosaurus intermedius = synonym McGowan, 1974, McGowan & Motani, 2003, Massare & Lomax, 2017, Ichthosaurus somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
NHMUKJ PV (old BMNH) R 44: Skull and skeleton missing parts of forefins, didstal ribs, pelvic girdke and hind fins of a small individual.
Note: Ichthyosaurus intermedius Wodward, 1885, Lydekker, 1889, Woodward & Sherborn, 1890, McGowna, 1974, Ichthyosaurus sp not Ichthyosaurus communis Massare & Lomax, 2017, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
OUMNH PAL-J.13799: Composite skeleton? (skull is dorsal wheras skeleton is
ventral).
Note: Ichthyosaurus communis McGowan, 1972, 1974, Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis Appleby, 1979, Ichthyosaurus communis Motani, 1999, 2005, Lomax & Massare, 2015, Massare & Lomax, 2016, possibly Ichthyosaurus ommunis MAssare & lomax, 2017, Ichthosaurus sp Lomax et al., 2017, Massare & Lomax, 2017, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Lomax & Massare, 2017, 2019, Lomax et al,. 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
Locality: Street, Somerset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
NHMUK PV R 1214: Skull, pectoral girdle and pectoral girdle.
Note: Ichthyosaurus intermedius Lydekker, 1889, Ichthyosaurus communis (Ichthyosaurus intermedius = synonym McGowan, 1974, McGowan & Motani, 2003, Massare & Lomax, 2017, Ichthyosaurus ?somersetensis Lomax et al., 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
Locality: Somerset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material:
NHMUKJ PV (old BMNH) R 3372: Skull and skeleton of a 'embryo'.
Note: Ichthyosaurus communis? Pearce, 1846, Ichthyosaurus communis Seeley, 1889, Woodward & Sherborn, 1890, Woodward, 1906, Lomax & Massare, 2012, 2016, Lomax & Sachs, 2017, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Lomax & Massare, 2017, Lomax et al, 2017, Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
YPM 4198: Fragmentary skull and skeleton.
Locality: Cotswold area, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
CLC1: Partial skeleton missing tip of tail.
Locality: Recored as Dorset, but this is questioned by D. Limax (pers. comm with GPW, 2019), England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
MANCH L.5666: Skull.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Deeming et al.,1993, Ichthyosaruus somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2017 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
Locality: Lyme Regious Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
TTNCM 8373: Skull and skeleton missing right hind fin.
Note: Ichthyosaurus communis Lomax & Massare, 2015, (as MOS 8372), Massare et al., 2015, Massare & Lomax, 2016 (as MOS 8372), possible Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2917 (as MOS 8372), Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2019, Lomax et al, 2019, Massare et al., 2021 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
NHMUK PV OR 2090: Three-demensional skull.
Note: Ichthyosaur new genus Motani, 2005, Ichthyosaurus ?somersetensis Lomax et al., 2019, Massare et. al., 2021 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
NHMUK PV OR 14563: Skeleton with mandible.
Note: Ichthyosaurus intermedius Lydekker, 1889, Ichthyosaurus communis Buchholtz, 2001, Ichthyosaurus ?somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
Locality: Station Quarry, Charlton Mackrell, Somerset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
TTNCM 120/1996: Skull and skeleton.
Note: Ichthyosaurus sp Massare et al., 2015 (as MOS 12.1996), Massare & Lomax, 2015 (as MOS 120/1996, Ichthyosaurus ?somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
Locality: Wilmcote Warwickshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Jurassic.
Material:
WARMS G6188: Partial skeleton missing much of the skull (including the whole snoute), missing a forefin and the end of the tail.
Note: Ichthyosaurus ?somersetensis Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).
DEEMING, HALSTEAD, MANABE & UNWIN, 1993
Locality: At low water mark near Kilve, (National Grid reference ST 144447),
Somerset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy: Psiloceras johnstoni subzone.
Age: Hettangian Stage, Lower Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.
Material: Nearly complete specimen with embryo’s.
Kilve B, BRSMG Ce 16611: An embryo.
Note: ‘is an ichthyosaur embryo which died about half way through the
gestation period, and represents one of the earliest ontogenttic stages yet
pressured in the ichthyosaur record.
Note: Ichthyosaurus communis? Deeming et al, 1983, Motani, 1999, Ichthyosaurus communis Ellis, 2003, Lomax & Massare, 2012, 2015, Massare et al., 2015, Massare & Lomax, 2015 (as Cb 11661), Ichthyosaurus sp Massare & lomax, 2017, Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Lomax & Massare, 2017, Lomax & Sachs, 2017, Massare & Lomax, 2019 (from Weeden & Chapman, 2022).