Genus: Apateon MEYER, 1844
Etymology:
= Salamandrella GAUDRY, 1875 non DYBOWSKI, 1870

Species: pedestris MEYER, 1844
Etymology:

Neotypus: PIM-N919

Locality: Odernheim-bank, Lokalitat Munsterappel-S2, Rhineland-Palatinate State, Germany.

Horizon: Meisenheim Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Gzhelian Epoch, Latest Pennsylvanian Subeperiod, Latest Carboniferous Period.

Material: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton.

Referred material:

SCHOCH & HAMPE, 2004

Locality: Unknown, Odernheim/Glan, Rhineland-Palatinate State, Germany.

Horizon: Meisenheim Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Lower Rotliegned, ?Late Carboniferous-Early Permian.

Material: Skull and trunk of a larva.

 

WERNEBURG, 2004

Locality: Niederkirchen-Heimkirchen, Saar-Nahe-Basin, Rhineland-Pflaz State, Germany.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Lower Rotliegned, ?Late Carboniferous-Early Permian.

Material:

POL-F 1987/1 NIE-63: Nearly complete skull and skeleton.
Note: Skin impressions.
Note: Has lateral lines.

WERNBURG, 2020

Locality: Klauswald near Odernheim/Glan, Saar-Nahe Basin, Rhineland-Pflaz State, Germany.

Horizon: Meisenheim Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: LO-9, Rotliegend, EArly Permian.

Material:

NHMMZ-PW 2005/45-LS: Very fine preserved skull and skeleton of an adult.

Locality: Raumbach/Glan, Saar-Nahe Basin, Rhineland-Pflaz State, Germany.

Horizon: Meisenheim Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: LO-9, Rotliegend, EArly Permian.

Material:

NHMS-WP 6285a: Anterior skeleton in ventral view (impression in dorsal view).

NHMS-WP 6285b: Counter slab in dorsal view (impression in ventral view).

WERNEBURG, 2017

Locality: Lake Obermoschel, Saar-Nahe Basin, Rhineland-Palatinate State, Germany.

Horizon: Meisenheim Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Sakmarian Stage, Middle Rotliegendes Epoch, Middle Early Permian.

Material:

SSN-11OM1a, 4b, 5b, 11a, 14b, 16a, b, 29b, 36a, b, 46a, 48, 53, 54, 63, SSN-OmW33a, 94, NHMS-WP 1-618/1b: Juvenile specimens, skulls and skeletons wtih body outlines.

SSN-11OM20b, a, 27a, 497a, 49a, 57a: Young adult specimens with body outlines.

SSN-11OM37a, 42: Dutl specimens with body outlines.

 

= Branchiosaurus amblystomus AMMON, 1889 non CREDNER
Etymology:

Holotype:

Locality:

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age:

Material:

 

GEINITZ & DEICHMULLER

Locality: Niderhasslich, near Dresden, Saschen (Saxony) State, Germany.

Horizon: Kalde.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Rothliegend Epoch, Early Permian.

Material:

Number: Not given: Fragmentary skulls and fragmentary skeletons.

 

= Branchiosaurus (Protriton) petrolei BOY, 1972
Etymology:

Locality: Oderheim-Bank, Lokalitat Munsterappel-S2, Rhineland-Palatinate State, Germany.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Early Permian.

Material:

PIM-N920: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton.

PIM-N922: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton.

PIM-N921: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton.

 

= Branchiosaurus cf. petrolie BOY 1978

Number:

Locality:

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age:

Material:

 

MAINZ, 1974

Locality:

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age:

Material:

PINM-N791: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton of a larva.

SSK-3: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton of a larva.

PIM-N741: Lachrymal.

 

MILNER, 1982

Locality: Odernheim, Saarpflax, Rhineland-Palatinate State, West Germany.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Pennsylvanian.

Material:

KC 106: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton with skin impression.

 

RONCHI & TINTORI, 1997

Locality: 20 Km2 in the Ogliastra Region, Perdasdefogu Basin, Southeast Sardenga (Sardinia) Island, Italy.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Permo-Carboniferous boundary.

Material:

Number: Not given: Severial specimens, fragmentary to nearly complete.


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Species: pedestris pedestris MEYER, 1844
Etymology:

Holotype:

Locality:

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age:

Material:
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Species: pedestris petrolei (GAUDRY, 1875)
Etymology:
= Pleuronoura petrolei GAUDRY, 1875
= Branchiosaurus (Protriton) petrolei BOY, 1978
= Salamandrella petrolei (GAUDRY, 1875)
= Protriton petrolei (GAUDRY, 1875) THEVENIN, 1906

Holotype: RSM 1891.17.9

Locality: Autun, Saone et Loire Department, France.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Early Permian.

Material: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton.

Referred material:

GEINITZ & DEICHMULLER

Locality: Niderhasslich im Plauenschen Grunde near Dresden, Saschen (Saxony) State, Germany.

Horizon: Kalke.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material:

Number: Not given: Fragmentary skulls and fragmentary skeletons.

 

LYDEKKER, 1890

Locality: Millery, near Auton, Saonte-et-Loire, France.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material:

BMNH R489: Skull and skeleton of a juvenile.

BMNH R1300: Several larval skeletons of a juvenile.

 

PATON, 1975

Locality: Niederhasslich, Saschen (Saxony) State, Germany.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Lower Rotliegenden, Autunes, Sakmarian-Leonardian, Biostratigraphy:

Material:

RSM: 1 complete specimen.

 

WERNEBURG, 1983

Locality: Thuringer Forest, Thuringia State, Germany.

Horizon: Oberhofer Schichten.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material:

FG 299.2/43a: Nearly complete specimen.

FG 299/1/101: Fragmentary skull.

FG 299/1/28a: Fragmentary skull.

FG 299/2/54a: Fragmentary skull.


_____________________________________________________________________________________

Species: umbrosa (FRITSCH, 1879) SCHOCH & MILNER, 2008
Etymology:
= Branchiosaurus umbrosus FRITSCH, 1879
= Branchiosaurus formosus LEHMAN, 1955 (nomen nudum, possibly a typographical error for Branchiosaurus umbrosus).

Lectotype: NMP 360

Locality: Olivetin, Inndersudetischen Becken, Czech Republic.

Horizon: Olivetin Member, Ruprechtice Limestone (Ruprechtice-Horizon), Broumov Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Pennsylvanian Subperiod, Late Carboniferous Period.

Material: Skull and skeleton.

Referred material:

Numbers: Not given: Skulls and skeletons.


_____________________________________________________________________________________

Species: gracilis (CREDNER, 1881) SCHOCH & MILNER, 2014
Etymology: Latin, gracilis, "slender."
= Branchiosaurus gracilis CREDNER,1881

Lectotype: SCD-S756/759

Locality: Niederhälisch near Dresden, Döhlen Basin, Saxony State, Germany.

Horizon: Niederhäslich-Schweinsdorf Beds.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Sakmarian Stage, Middle Rotliegendes Epoch, Middle Early Permian.

Material: A complete large skull and anterior postcranium.

Referred material:

NHMUK, MB, MMGD, RSM, SGED, SMNS: Hundreds of specimens.

 

= Melanerpeton gracile (CREDNER, 1881) WERNEBURG, 1986

Locality: Buxieres-les-Mines, Allier, France.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Autunian Stage, Age: Autunian Regional Stage, Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material:

Number: Not given: Skulls and skeleton.

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Species: caducus (AMMON, 1889) WERNEBURG, 1988
Etymology:
= Branchiosaurus caducus AMMON, 1889

Holotype: BSP 1929 XI 120

Locality: Pfarrwald near Heimkirchen, Rheinland-Pflaz State, Germany.

Horizon: Meisenheim Formation (Top Oderheim-Schichten, L-010).

Biostratigraphy: Kappeln Banke (M9).

Age: Gzhelian Epoch, Latest Pennsylvanian Subperiod, Latest Carboniferous Period.

Material: Skull and skeleton.

Referred material:

FROBISCH & SCHOCH, 2009

Locality: Niederkirchen locality, Pfalz region, Rhineland-Pflaz State, Southwestern Germany.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Early Permian.

Material:

GPIM-N-Ru 2, 2a: Part and counterpart of a fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton.

 

SCHOCH, 1992

Locality: Saar-Nahe, Western Palatinate near Kusel, Rhineland-Palatinate State, Southwestern Germany.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Early Permian.

Material:

Geological-Paleontological Institue of the University of Mainz, GPIM-N 1230-1840: Skulls and skeletons.

 

WERNEBURG, 2017

Locality: Lake Obermoschel, Saar-Nahe Basin, Rhineland-Palatinate State, Germany.

Horizon: : Meisenheim Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Gzhelian Epoch, Latest Pennsylvanian Subeperiod, Latest Carboniferous Period.

Material:

SSN-11OM6a, b, 17a, 19a, 50b, 51a, 52a, 59b, 60a, 62a, NHMS-WP 10618/1, 2b, SRK-OmW96, 100a, b, 102a, 103a: Juvenile specimens with body outline.

NHMS-WP 1058a/2, SSN-11OM21a, 22a, 39, SRK-OmW92b: Young adult speicmens with body outline.

SRK-OmW126, 129a, b, 132a: Adult skulls and skeletons with body outline.


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Species: flagrifera (WHITTARD, 1930) sensu WERNEBURG, 1988
Etymology:
= Branchiosaurus flagrifera WHITTARD, 1930
= Apteon flagrifera WERNEBURG, 1988

Holotype: UMZC-T22 (=DMSW B48)

Locality: Gottlob Quarry, near Friedrichroda, Thuringia State, Germany.

Horizon: Upper Goldlauter Formation, Bodlauterer Schichten.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Autunian Regional Stage, Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material: Skull and skeleton.

Referred material:

Note: Hundreds of specimens (SCHOCH & MILNER, 2014).

14 other specimens.

WERENEBURG, 1987

MNG 2992-27, 90, 80, 6, 72, 23a, 78, 3634-222, 52331-89, MNG 5801-10, MNG 2335-43a, MNG 5331-212, 32, 35, MNG 29930-B,GHM-62, SD-V.41, SSD-29, 28, GHM-62, SAS 191-3, SLL-1a, SAS 191: Fragmentary specimens.

WATSON, 1963

DMSW B36a.

WERNEBURG, RONCHI & SCHNEIDER, 2007

NHMS-WP 2268a/b, 2174, 2188/2, 2182, 2168, UM 32, 42/2: Skulls.

WERNEBURG, RONCHI & SCHNEIDER, 2005

Locality: Perdasdefogu Basin, Sardenga (Sardinia) Island, Italy.

Horizon: Rio su Luda Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material:

Numbers: Not given:


_____________________________________________________________________________________

Species: flagrifera flagifera (WHITTARD, 1930)
Etymology:

Holotype:

Locality:

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age:

Material:
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Species: flagrifera oberhofensis WERNEBURG, 1988
Etymology:
= Branchiosaurus cf. petrolei WERNBURG, 1983

Holotype: FG 321/1/100

Locality: Grunde near Freidrichroda, Thurigan Wald, Thuringia State, Germany.

Horizon: Oberer Protrition-Horizon, Ob. Oberhofer Schichten.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Lower Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material: Fragmentary skull and skeleton.

Paratype:

GMN-421, FG 321/1/101: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton.

Referred material:

FG 321/1/120a, 321/1/119a, 321/1/113, 299/2/50, 299/2/43a, 321/1/122a, 321/1/118c, 299/2/54, 321/1/103, 2992/38, 321/121a, 299/2/35, 321/1/112, 321/1/98, 321/117b, 321/1/110, 299/2/43a3, 299/2/44: Fragmenatry skulls and fragmentary skeletons.

 

Locality: Wintersbrunnen, Thuringia State, Germany.

Horizon: Upper Oberhof Formation (Oberhofer Schichten).

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Artinskian, Lower Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material:

FG 321/2/4, 299, 299/1/11, 321/2/5, 299/1/13, 299/1/9, GMH 1: Fragmentary skulls and fragmentary skeletons.

= Apateon flagifer WERNEBURG, 2017

NHMS-WP 10617, 10091, 9435: Skulls and skeletons of juveniles.


Locality: Lochbrunnen, Thuringia State, Germany.

Horizon: Oberhofer Schichten.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Lower Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material:

GMH-2, 103, 121, 32a, 36, 18, 80a, 42b, 20, 73, 97, 148, 143, 27, 95, 87, 76, 42a, 32b, 165, 81, 6, 70, SAS 195/31, 194/18, MB. Am. 418/1, FG 32/5/1: Fragmentary skulls and fragmentary skeletons.

 

Locality: Mosewegwiese, Thuringia State, Germany.

Horizon: Oberhofer Schichten.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Lower Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material:

GMH 422, FG 321/7/13j, 321/7/12h, 321/7/2b, 321/7/8, 321/7/13h, 321/7/7a, 321/7/12a, 321/7/9b, 321/7/10c, 321/7/110, 321/7/20a, 321/7/4, 321/7/12b, 321/7/13i, 321/7/13g, 321/7/13a, SAS 245/15: Fragmentary skulls and fragmentary skeletons.


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Species: pedestris brachyrhynchus (WATSON, 1963)
Etymology:
= Branchiosaurus brachyrhynchus WATSON, 1963

Holotype: BMNH R5466/7

Locality: Gottlob, near Friedrichroda, Thuringia State, Germany.

Horizon: Bodlauterer Schichten.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material: Skull.
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Species: dracyi (BOY, 1972) BOY, 1986
Etymology:
= Branchiosaurus dracyi BOY, 1972
= Apateon dracyensis WERNEBURG, 2011

Holotype: MA 425

Locality: Dracy-Saint-Loup, North of Autun, Saone et Loire Department, France.

Horizon: Muse Formation, Muse Series).

Biostratigraphy:

Age: "Autunian" Regional Stage, Middle Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material: Fragmentary skull.

Referred material:

SCHOCH & MILNER, 2014/WERNEBURG, 2001

Locality: Sembachtal, near Winterstein, Thuringia State, Germany.

Horizon: Manebach Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Autunian Regional Stage, Middle Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material:

NMSch-SAS 94/12: Skull and skeleton.

 

Locality: Clennen tuffite of Clennen, northern Saxony State, Germany.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: ?Autunian pebbles Stage, Middle Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material:

MMGD-PzP9, 9a (part and counterpart): Small skull.

 

Locality:

Horizon: Goldlauter Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Lower Permian.

Material:

Numbers: Not given: 500 well-preserved specimens.

WERNEBURG, 2021

Locality: Cabarz Quarry, south of Bad Tabarz at the Inselsberg road (active quarry of the mitteldeutsche Hartstein-, Kies- und Mischwerke, N 50°52.079', E 10°29.373', Gotha District, Thuringian Forset Basin, Thurgia State, Germany.

Horizon: Lower Goldlauter Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Lower Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material:

FG/SRW-3: Scales.

Fg/SRW-25: Hyobranchial apparatus.

NHMS-WP1230a, 1287, 1287a: Fragmentary tail with notochord and body outline.

NHMS-WP2168: Skull and skeleton with body outline, instestines, ?ectoparasites (microconchids) and scavanger (ostracods).

NHMS-WP2230: Fragmentary skull.

NHMS-WP2306a: Fragmentary skeleton.

NHMS-WP2311a: Fragmentary skeleton.

NHMS-WP2417a: Skull and partial skeleton.

NHMS-WP2418: Fragmentary skeleton.

NHMS-WP2444: Humeri, ulnae, radii, fragmntary ilium and fragmentary femur.

NHMS-WP2446: Fragmentary skull and partial skeleton with scales.

NHMS-WP3150: Skull and fragmentary skeleton with body outline.

NHMS-WP3203: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton.

NHMS-WP3516a: Fragmentary skeleton.

NHMS-WP3599a: Skull of a large adult.

NHMS-WP3740: Fragmentary skull with postcranial elements.

NHMS-WP5041a: Fragmentary skull.

NHMS-WP5042a: Fragmentary skull.

NHMS-WP5827a1: Dentary.

NHMS-WP7783a: Fragmentary skull.

NHMS-WP7786: Fragmentary skull.

NHMS-WP8665: Fragmentary skull.

NHMS-WP6020a, b: Skull, a few vertebrae, ribs, scapula and scales.

NHMS-WP86666: Skull.

NHMS-WP10891: Fragmentary skull.

NHMS-WP10896: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton.

NHMS-WP10897: Fragmentary tail with notocord.

NHMS-WP10909a: Fragmentary skull, humerus, ulna and radius, and ilium and femora.

NHMS-WP10920a: Skull and fragmentary skeleton.

NHMS-WP10938a: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton with body outline/skin.

NHMS-WP10966: Dentary.

NHMS-WP10967: Skull.

NHMS-UP11001: Dentary.

NHMS-WP11108: Skull.

NHMS-WP11011a: Fragmentary skull.

NHMS-WP11074: Skull and skelton of a juvenile.

NHMS-WP11094a: Dentary.

NHMS-WP11105: Humerus, ulna and radius.

NHMS-WP11108a: Fragmentary skull.

NHMS-WP11109a: Dorsal skull roof with postcranial elements.

NHMS-WP11339a: Fragmentary skull and skeleton with scales.

NHMS-WP11357: Fragmentary skull.

NHMS-WP11426a: Dentary.

NHMS-WP11179: Fragmentary skeleton.

NHMS-WP11206a: Fragmentary skull.

NHMS-WP11345: Skull.

NHMS-WP11405: Fragmentary skull.

NHMS-WP11425: Skull and skeleton with outline of body/skin.

NHMS-WP11426a: Skull and skeleton with outline of body/skin.

NHMS-WP11426b: Skull and skeleton with outline of body/skin.

NHMS-WP11649: Fragmentary skull of an adult.

NHMS-WP11652: Fragmentary skull.

NHMS-WP11653: Skull and skeleton with body outline, instestines, ?ectoparasites (microconchids) and scavanger (ostracods).

NHMS-WP11904a: Palate with mandibles.

SWitt-356a: Fragmentary skeleton.

Note: about 3,500 specimens in total from the quarry.

WERNEBURG, 2017

NHMS-WP 6147a, b, 6094: Juvenile speicmens with body outline.

 

= Apateon dracyiformis BOY, 1986
Etymology:

Holotype: MMGD-PzP9 + 9a

Locality: Clemmen/Nordsachsen, Saschen (Saxony) State, Germany.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material: Fragmentary skull.

Paratype: MMGD-PzP64a: Fragmentary skull.

Referred material:

MMGD-PzP31: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton.


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Species: kontheri WERNEBURG, 1988
Etymology: In honor of F. Konther.
= cf. Melanerpeton pulcherrimum LANGENHAN 1909

Holotype: FG 321/9/1 (counterpart SD-V70)

Locality: Gottlob-Steinbruch, Thuringer Wald, Germany.

Horizon: Gottlob-Horizon,. O. Goldlauterer Schihten.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Early Permian.

Material: Skull and skeleton.

Paratype: MNG 2992-10, 2992-2: Fragmentary skull and skeleton

Referred material:

MNG 5348,5356, 5331-208, 5801-4b, FG 321/9/2, FG 321/9/6, FG 321/9/5, GMN 43, MNG 5331-50, 2992-14, 5331-133 + 113, 5801-2, 5331-158, 139, GMH 41: Fragmentary specimens with scales.

WERNEBURG, RONCHI & SCHNEIDER, 2007

NHMS-WP 2193b, a, 2267, 2912a/1, 2184b/2, 2194 a, 2184b/3: Fragmentary skulls.

 

WERNEBURG, RONCHI & SCHNEIDER, 2005

Locality: Perdasdefogu Basin, Sardenga (Sardinia) Island, Italy.

Horizon: Rio su Luda Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Rotliegendes Epoch, Early Permian.

Material:

Numbers: Not given: