Species: tympaniticus COPE, 1869
Etymology:
= ?Holcodus acutidens LEIDY, 1865

Holotype: ANSP 8484, 8487, 8488, 8491, 8558-9, 8562

Locality: Near Columbus, Lowndes County, Mississippi.

Horizon: Eutaw Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Lower Niobraran age, Santonian Stage, Lower Senionian Subepoch, Lower Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material: Surangular, quadrate, braincase, pterygoid and 3 cervical vertebrae.

Brakedown as follows (as per KONSHI, CALDWELL & BELL, 2010);

ANSP 8484: A partial left surangular.

ANSP 8787: A right quadrate.

ANSP 8488: A nearly comlete anterior cervical vertebra.

ANSP 8491: A partial right pterygoid.

ANSP 8558: A partial posterior-most cervical vertebra.

ANSP 8559: A partial posterior cervical vertebra.

ANSP 8562: A partial basioccipital-basisphenoid complex.

ANSP 8488: Jaw fragments associated with a block matrix.

ANSP 8491: The partial pterygoid (now lost).

Referred material:

KONISHI, CLADWELL & BELL, 2010

AMNH 2005:

AMNH 2006:

AMNH 6159:

 

Locality: Montgomery County, Western Alabama.

Hrozion: Lowermost Mooreveille Chalk Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Santonian or Lowermost Campanian Stage, Middle Senonian Subepoch, Uppermiddle Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

RAM 1903:

Locality: Hale County, Western Alabama.

Hrozion: Lowermost Mooreveille Chalk Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Santonian or Lowermost Campanian Stage, Middle Senonian Subepoch, Uppermiddle Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

RAM 7070:

Locality: Logan County, Wesern Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Chalk Member.

Biostratigraphy:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Santonian or Lowermost Campanian Stage, Middle Senonian Subepoch, Uppermiddle Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

BMNH R-2833:

CMN 40914:

 

Locality: Greene County, Alabama.

Horizon: Lowermost Mooreville Fromation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

ALMNH PV 1985.0021:

 

ALLEN & SHIMADA, 2022

Locality: FHSM VP-644, near Mounument Rocks, Gove County, Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Chalk, Niobara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Mid-Late Santonian Stage, Late Gallic Subepoch, Early Gulf Epoch, Early Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FHSM VP-19716: Tooth.

FHSM VP-19717: Tooth.

FHSM VP-19718: 3 teeth.

 

HARRELL JR, & PEREZ-HUERTA, 2015

Localtiy: APe-3, Perry County, Alabama.

Horizon: Tombigbee Sand Member, Eutaw Formation, Selma Group.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Santonian Stage, Lower Senionian Subepoch, Lower Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

PV 1993.0002.0132: Skull fragments.

 

MARTIN & BJORK, 1987

Locality: Soske Ranch Locality, SDSM V8120, Fall River County, South Dakota.

Horizon: Bammon Ferruginous Member of the Pierre Shale.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian subepoch, Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

SDSM & T (SDSM) 10439:

Note: Was found in the stomach content of Tylosaurus proriger, along with Hesperornis sp, shark and fish.

 

MARTIN, SCHUMACHER PARRIS & GRANDSTAFF, 1998

Locality: SDSM V9610, South Dakota.

Horizon: 1.6 meters below the Niobrara/Pierre contact.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

SDSM 32715: Partial skeleton including a major portion of skull, cervical series, pectoral girdles, left humerus, trunk vertebrae and ribs.

 

NICHOLLS, 1988

Locality: Manitoba Province, Canada.

Horizon: Pembina Member, Pierre Shale.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian subepoch, Upper Gulf epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

M73.01.02, M75.01.06, M75.04.06., M77.01.07, M80.24.14., M83.10.18: Partially articulated skeleton with skull elements.

M73.02.02, M73.09.02, M75.10.06, M75.12.06, M75.09.06, M78.02.07, M80.15.14, M81.19.16, M81.22.16, M82.01.17, M84.01.18, MMMN V701: Disarticulated skeleton and skull.

M72.01.02., M72.03.01, M80.10.15, M80.10.15, M80.34.16, MMMN V290, ROM 9.74: Fragmentary.

M74.0.13, M75.16.06, M81.01.16, M81.04.16, M83.06.18, RTMP P83.24.1: Skulls.

 

Locality: South Dakota.

Horizon: Sharon Springs Member, Pierre Shale.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian subepoch, Upper Gulf epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

As per NICHOLLS, 1988

AMNH 5811, 14766, 14800, FMNH PR674, KUVP 50103, 50094, SDSM 30139, SDSM uncatalogued. TMP PC84.39.34, UCM 20586, 38058, 38089, 48353 (includes P. somenensis), UCM uncatalogued, UCMP V5407/45203, V76180.45209, UNSM 2855-66, 2856-66:

 

SHELDON, 1996

Locality: Logan County, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

YPM 1253: Neonate.

UCMP 32136, YPM 1267, 1286, 1284, 1254, 1276, 24922, 24923: Late juvenile.

YPM 24903: Early juvenile.

YPM 24904:

YPM 24905:

YPM 24915:

YPM 24918:

YPM 24921:

YPM 24929:

YPM 1269, 1272, 1114, 1306, 1428: Adult.

 

Locality: Graham County, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

YPM 24931: Late juvenile.

 

Locality: Rooks County, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

YPM 40428: Subadult.

 

Locality: Trego County, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

YPM 40428: Subadult.

 

BELL, 1997

Locality:

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age:

Material:

FMNH UC 600:

AMNH 1488:

ANSP 10193:

CM 1511:

FHM VP322:

FHM VP 2075:

FHM VP 17017:

UCBMP 34538:

YPM 1258, 4003, 40436, 40728:

YPM 40393:

YPM 40463:

YPM 40472:

YPM 40473:

YPM 40497:

YPM 40498:

YPM 40561:

YPM 40573:

YPM 40587:

YPM 40610:

YPM 40632:

YPM 40653:

YPM 40669:

YPM 40673:

YPM 40683:

YPM 40691:

YPM 40693:

YPM 40712:

YPM 40718:

YPM 40719:

YPM 40816:

 

STEWART, 1993, LINDGREN, CALDWELL, KONISHI & CHIAPPE, 2010

Locality: LACM locality 65229, NW 1/4 section 15, T15S, R34 W., Logan County, Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Santonian or Lowermost Campanian Stage, Middle Senonian Subepoch, Uppermiddle Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

LACM 128319: A nearly complete skull and skeleton with skin impressions, possible soft tissue (retna) and vertebrae and scutes of an indeterminate fish and Stratodus apicalis in its stomach.

= Liodon mudgei COPE, 1871
Etymology:
= Holcodus mudgei (COPE, 1871) COPE, 1872
= Rhinosaurus mudgei (COPE, 1871) MARSH, 1872
= Platecarpus mudgei (COPE, 1871) COPE, 1874

Holotype: AMNH 1501

Locality: At a point 6 miles south of Sheridan, Smoky Hill River, Kansas.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material: Frontal, quadrate and vertebrae.

= Liodon ictericus COPE, 1871
Etymology:
= Holcodus ictericus COPE, 1872
= Lestosaurus ictericus (COPE, 1871) MARSH, 1872
= Platecarpus ictericus (COPE, 1871) COPE, 1874

Holotype: AMNH 1559

Locality: North bank of the Smoky Hill River, 10 miles east of Fort Wallace, Graham County, Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Santonian or Campanian Stage, Middle Senonian Subepoch, Uppermiddle Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material: Partial skull, 18 vertebrae and fragments of a pectoral girdle.

Referred material:

AMNH 515:

AMNH 1488: Dentary.

AMNH 1528:

AMNH 1532:

AMNH 1550:

AMNH 1588:

AMNH 1820:

AMNH 1821:

AMNH 2178:

AMNH 6159:

YPM 884:

YPM 1112:

YPM 1138:

YPM 1153:

YPM 1254:

YPM 1255:

YPM 1272:

YPM 1273:

YPM 1286:

YPM 1292:

YPM 1306:

YPM 3690:

YPM 3986:

YPM 3994:

YPM 3997:

YPM 3998:

YPM 24900:

and 65 unnumbered specimens.

USNM 5 unnumbered specimens.

MCZ 1601:

MCZ 1602:

MCZ 1603:

MCZ 1605:

MCZ 1608:

MCZ 1609:

MCZ 1615:

MCZ 1624:

KU 1026:

KU 1021:

KU 1031:

KU 1046:

KU 1052:

KU 1054:

KU 1063:

KU 1093:

KU 1097:

KU 1118:

KU 1135:

KU 1140:

KU 1142: Scapula and coracoid.

KU 1175:

KU 1196:

KU 1230:

KU 5042:

KU 14287:

KU 12430:

KU 55219:

KU 85586:

KU 85588:

FHM 2913:

FHM 10760:

FHM 10856:

CHNM P1027:

NMC? 8163:

PU 12999:

KUVP? Front paddle.

From Smoky Hill Member, Niobrara Formation, Kansas; Lower Pierre Formation, Kansas, Wyoming and South Dakota.

 

Locality: 32 km northest of Scott City, Scott County, Western Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Santonian or Campanian Stage, Middle Senonian Subepoch, Uppermiddle Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

FMNH (CHNM) UC-600:

 

 

Locality: From in and near pasture of Mr. J. Doo, N and middle Alkali Creek, tributaries of Indian Creek, 18 miles SSW of Edgemont, Fall River County, South Dakota.

Horizon: Lower Pierre Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

AMNH 5811:

 

Locality: Missouri River Valley near Yankton, Yankton County, South Dakota.

Horizon: Lower Pierre Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

USNM 18256:

 

Locality: Wallace County, Kansas.

Horizon: Lower Pierre Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

KU 1081:

 

Locality: No locality data.

Horizon: Lower Pierre Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

KU 1091:

 

=Platecarpus cf. ictericus BARDET, CORRAL & PEREDA SUBERBIOLA, 1999

Locality: Disused sand quarry near the village of Lano, Lano quarry, Trevino County, about 20 km SE of the City of Vitoria, Basque-Cantabric Basin, Basque Province, Iberian Peninsula, Spain.

Horizon: Sobrepena Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Uppermost Campanian-Lowermost Maastrichtian Stage, Upper Senonian subepoch, Upper Upper Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

MCNA 6380, 6448: Two teeth.

BARDET, MARTIN, CORRAL, PEREDA SUBERBIOLA, & ASTIBIA, 2013

LU-GMS/LAN003: An isolated pterygoid tooth.

 

BREITHAUPT, 1985

Locality: Wyoming.

Horizon: Pierre Shale.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

BARDET, 2012

Locality: Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Chalk.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Santonian-Lower Campanian Stage, Upper Senonian subepoch, Upper Upper Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

MNHN 1894-14a: A mounted anterior portion of a skull including maxillae, dentries and teeth.

MNNH 1894-14b: Almost complete mounted skull.
COPE, 1871

 

Locality: From a low bluff on Fox Canon, South of Fort Wallace, Kansas.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

Number: Not given: 17 lumbar, dorsal and cervical vertebrae, including axis, ribs, a large part of the skull with both quadrates, occipital and periotic regions, etc.

 

HAMM & SHIMADA, 2007

Locality: Exact locality data on file at KUVP, Rooks County, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Chalk.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

KUVP 84806: Lateral tooth of Pseudocorax laevis in association of a series of mosasaur vertebrae (Platecarpus ictericus).

LINGHAM-SOLAIR, 2004

Locality: Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Upper Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

BMNH R2834: Right dentary.
Note: Paleopathology, the anteriormost tip of the dentary between the first and second dentary teeth has a fracture and is missing some of the tip broken off at a 're-healed' fracture.

 

STEWART & BELL, 1994

Locality: LACM locality 5597, Harlan County, Nebraska.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Campanian Stage, Senonian Subepoch, Upper Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

LACM 131156: Partial skeleton.
Note: At least 19 cuts on ribs, 17 with serrations, none healed from a shark.

 

THEIS & JURGEN, 1995

Locality: Western Gove County, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

Collection of Roemer-Museum, Hildesheim: Skull and fragmentary skeleton.

 

= Liodon curtirostris COPE, 1872 (nomen nudum)
Etymology:
= Liodon curtirostris COPE, 1872
= Lestosaurus curtirostris (COPE, 1872) MARSH, 1872
= Platecarpus curtirostris (COPE, 1872) COPE, 1874

Holotype: AMNH 1563

Locality: Fossil Spring canon, Kansas.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material: Skull and fragmentary skeleton.

Referred material:

THURMOND, 1969

Locality: Unknown.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Unknown.

Material:

UTA (TAM) 2206: Partial skull.

 

= Lestosaurus simus MARSH, 1872
Etymology: Greek, simos, ‘flat nose’.
= Platecarpus simus (MARSH, 1872) COPE, 1874

Holotype: YPM 1258

Locality: Smoky Hill River, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material: Skull and skeleton.

 

= Lestosaurus felix MARSH, 1872
Etymology:
= Platecarpus felix (MARSH, 1872) COPE, 1874

Holotype: YPM 1277

Locality: Smoky Hill River, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material: Skull and skeleton.

 

= Lestosaurus latifrons MARSH, 1872
Etymology:
= Platecarpus latifrons (MARSH, 1872) COPE, 1874

Holotype: YPM 1256

Locality: Smoky Hill River, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material: 2 skulls and skeletons.

Referred material:

RUSSELL, 1967

Locality: Locality No. P6502A, East bank of the Anderson River at Latitude 69' N, Alberta Province, Canada.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

NMC 10429: Fragments of head and cervical vertebrae.

NMC 10480: Maxillary and pre-maxillary fragments.

= Holcodus coryphaeus COPE, 1872
Etymology:
= Lestosurus coryphaeus (COPE, 1871) MARSH, 1872
= Platecarpus coryphaeus (COPE, 1872) COPE, 1874

Holotype: AMNH 1566

Locality: The side of a bluff in a branch of the Fossil Spring Canon, Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Santonian or Campanian Stage, Middle Senonian Subepoch, Uppermiddle Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material: Braincase, quadrate, frontal, pteryogoid and 17 vertebrae.

Referred material:

AMNH 126:

AMNH 127:

AMNH 202:

AMNH 1510:

AMNH 1511:

AMNH 1512:

AMNH 1645:

YPM 1427:

YPM 1428:

YPM 3972:

YPM 4004:

22 unnumbered specimens.

USNM 3774:

USNM 3791:

USNM 11654:

USNM 11655:

1 unnumbered specimen.

MCZ 1606:

MCZ 1607:

MCZ 1610:

MCZ 1614:

KU 1007: Skull and fragmentary skeleton.

KU 1092:

KU 1143:

KU 5016:

2 unnumbered specimens.

FHM 10902.

 

BARDET, 2012

Locality: Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Chalk.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Santonian-Lower Campanian Stage, Upper Senonian subepoch, Upper Upper Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

MNHN 1908-14: Complete skull and vertebrae.

 

HUENE

Locality: Chalk Bluffs, Logan County, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

Number: Not given: Skull and skeleton.

 

KONISHI, T., 2005

Locality: Near Utica, Ness County, west-central Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Upper Conician Stage, lower Senonian substage, lower Gulf Epoch, Early Late Cretaceous-Santonian Stage, Middle Senonian Subepoch, Uppermiddle Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

UALVP 24240, 400402: Two nearly complete specimens.

 

LAMBE, 1914

Locality: South of Smoky Hill River, 6 miles east of Keystone, Logan County, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

NMC 8163: Complete skull and skeleton.

 

Locality: Gove County, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

Acc. No. 57: 2 skulls.

 

THURMOND, 1969

Locality: From a building excavation in Snider Plaza, University Park, Dallas County, Texas.

Horizon: Upper part of the lower chalk member of the Austin.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

SMUSMP 61799: Partial skull and mandibles.

 

Locality: Unknown, Kansas.

Horizon: Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Santonian or Campanian Stage, Middle Senonian Subepoch, Uppermiddle Gulf Epoch, Late Cretaceous.

Material:

KUVP? Skull.

KUVP? Skull and fragmentary skeleton.

KUVP 66337: Right pterygoid.

KUVP 1001: Nearly complete skeleton.

KUVP? Premaxilla.

KUVP? Frontal.

KUVP 66336: Left prosquamosal.

KUVP 66335: Mandibular tooth.

KUVP 131: Radius, pubis and ischium.

KUVP 66333:

KUVP? Median dorsal vertebrae.

KUVP 1011: Scapula, humerus and radius.

KUVP 1042: Fragmentary skeleton.

KUVP 1041: Pygal vertebra.

KUVP 1171: Tibia.

KUVP 1172: Exostosial radius, carpus, and part of the metacarpus.

KUVP 66332: Tarsals.

KUVP 1167? Fifth metatarsal.

KUVP 1132: Radius and ulna.

KUVP 14285: Left quadrate.

KUVP 1178: Right scapula.

KUVP 1194: Surangular.

KUVP 104: Nearly complete hind paddle.

KUVP?: Skull.

KUVP 1081: Left quadrate, 4 vertebrae and rib fragments.

 

MERRILL, 1907

Locality: Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

USNM 39: Caudals.

USNM 50: Ulna?

USNM 62: Vertebrae.

USNM 76: Palate bone with teeth.

USNM 226: Paddle bone.

USNM 3901: Cervical vertebrae.

USNM 5365: Second cervical.

 

= Lestosaurus gracilis MARSH, 1872
Etymology:
= Platecarpus gracilis (MARSH, 1872) COPE, 1874

Holotype: YPM 1264

Locality: Smoky Hill River, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton.

 

= Holosaurus abruptus MARSH, 1880
Etymology:

Holotype: YPM 1350a

Locality: Kansas.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material: Skull and skeleton.

Referred material:

CAPPS

Locality:

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age:

Material:

University of Chicago: Skeleton.

 

WIMAN

Locality: Butte Creek, Logan County, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

No. 16: Skull and column with ribs to near pygals.

 

Locality: 3 miles southeast of the mouth of Beaver Creek, Cove County, Kansas.

Horizon: Niobrara Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Cretaceous.

Material:

No. 30: Entire tail and pelvic arches, pygals and hind paddles.

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