SYRIA

SOUTHWESTERN PALMYRIDES MOUNTAIN CHAIN

HORNS GOVERNORATE

TADMUR DISTRICT

45 KM SW OF PALMYRA

ABOUT 200 KM NE OF DAMASCUS

AL SAWANEH EL CARQUIEH PHOSPHATIC MINES

RMAH FORMATION

SOUKHEH GROUP

CONIACIAN-SANTONIAN STAGE

EARLY SENONIAN SUBEPOCH

EARLY GULD EPOCH

EARLY LATE CRETACEOUS

STEM: TETRAPODA GOODRICH, 1930

SUPERCLASS: AMNIOTA HAECKEL, 1866

CLASS: REPTILIA LAURENTI, 1768

SUBCLASS: DIAPSIDA OSBORN, 1903

INFRACLASS: EURYAPSIDA COLBERT, 1945

SUPERORDER: SAUROPTERYGIA OWEN 1860

GRANDORDER: EOSAUROPTERYGIA emend RIEPPEL, 1994

ORDER: PLESIOSAURIA OWEN, 1840 NON BLAINVILLE, 1835

SUBORDER: PLESIOSAURIA OWEN, 1840 NON BLAINVILLE, 1835

INFRAORDER: PLESIOSAUROMORPHA NOVA

EUPLESIOSAURIA O’KEEFE, 2001

Superfamily: ELASMOSAUROIDEA Cope, 1869

Family: ELASMOSAURIDAE Cope, 1869

Incertae sedis

Gen. sp indet.

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SYRIA

SUPERCLASS: AMNIOTA HAECKEL, 1866

CLASS: REPTILIA LAURENTI, 1768

SUBCLASS: CHELONOMORPHA KUHN, 1960

SUPERCOHORT: TESTUDINES LINNAEUS, 1758

COHORT: CASICHELYDIA emend GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MAGNORDER: PLEURODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

ORDER: PLEURODIRIDA COPE, 1864

SUBORDER: EUPLEURODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

Superfamily: PELOMEDUSOIDES Cope, 1868 Cope, 1868

Family: PELOMEDUSIDAE Cope, 1868

Subfamily: PELOMEDUSINAE Cope, 1868

Nigeremys group

MAGANORDER: CRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUPERORDER: SELMACRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY, HUTCHISON, JENKINS & MEEKR, 1987

GRANDORDER: DAIOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MICRORDER: CENTROCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

ORDER: POLYCRPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUBORDER: PROCOELOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

INFRAORDER: CHELONOIDEA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

Superfamily: CHELONIOIDEA Oppel, 1811

Family: CHELONIIDAE Oppel, 1811

Gen. sp indet

SUBCLASS: DIAPSIDA OSBORN, 1903

INFRACLASS: EURYAPSIDA COLBERT, 1945

SUPERORDER: SAUROPTERYGIA OWEN 1860

GRANDORDER: EOSAUROPTERYGIA emend RIEPPEL, 1994

ORDER: PLESIOSAURIA OWEN, 1840 NON BLAINVILLE, 1835

SUBORDER: PLESIOSAURIA OWEN, 1840 NON BLAINVILLE, 1835

INFRAORDER: PLESIOSAUROMORPHA NOVA

EUPLESIOSAURIA O’KEEFE, 2001

Superfamily: ELASMOSAUROIDEA Cope, 1869

Family: ELASMOSAURIDAE Cope, 1869

Incertae sedis

Elasmosaurus sp

INFRACLASS: NEODIAPSIDA BENTON, 1985

LEGION: LEPIDOSAUROMORPHA BENTON, 1983

SUBLEGION: LEPIDOSAURIA HAECKEL, 1866 (DUMERIL & BIBRON, 1839)

MAGNORDER: SQUAMATA, OPPEL, 1811

SUPERORDER: LACERTILIA OWEN, 1842

GRANDORDER: SCINCOGEKKONOMORPHA SUKHANOV, 1961

MICRORDER: SCINCOMORPHA CAMP, 1923

ORDER: ANGUIMORPHA FURBRINGER, 1900

SUBORDER: DIPLOGLOSSA COPE, 1864

INFRAORDER: THECAGLOSSA COPE, 1890

PARVORDER: MONSTERSAURIA NORELL & GAO, 1977

Superfamily: VARANOIDEA Camp, 1923

Family: MOSASAURIDAE Gervais, 1853

Incertae sedis

Gen. sp indet.

Infrafamily: NATANIA

Subfamily: RUSSELLOSAURINAE Bell, 1993

Gen. sp indet (Tribe Plioplatecarpini)

Tribe: PLIOPLATECARPINI Russell, 1967

Prognathodon giganteus

Gen. sp indet.

Subfamily: MOSASAURINAE Williston, 1897

Tribe: MOSASAURINI Russell, 1967

Mosasaurus lemonnieri

Tribe: LEIODONTINI Lingham-Soliar, 1993

Leiodon anceps

LEGION: ARCHOSAUROMORPHA HUENE, 1946

SUPERCOHORT: CRUROTARSI SERENO & ARCUCCI, 1990

COHORT: CROCODYLOTARSI BENTON & CLARK, 1988

MAGNORDER: SUCHIA KREBS, 1974

SUPERORDER: CROCODYLOMORPHA WALKER, 1968

ORDER: MESOSUCHIA EMEND HUXLEY, 1875

Gen. sp indet.

SYRIA

PALMYRIDES CHAIN

PALMYRA AREA

CHARQUIEH

MINE A

PHOSPHATIC DEPOSIT

LATE CRETACEOUS

STEM: TETRAPODA GOODRICH, 1930

SUPERCLASS: AMNIOTA HAECKEL, 1866

CLASS: REPTILIA LAURENTI, 1768

SUBCLASS: CHELONOMORPHA KUHN, 1960

SUPERCOHORT: TESTUDINES LINNAEUS, 1758

COHORT: CASICHELYDIA emend GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MAGNORDER: PLEURODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

ORDER: PLEURODIRIDA COPE, 1864

SUBORDER: EUPLEURODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

Superfamily: PELOMEDUSOIDES Cope, 1868 Cope, 1868

Family: PELOMEDUSIDAE Cope, 1868

Subfamily: PELOMEDUSINAE Cope, 1868

Nigeremys group

MAGANORDER: CRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUPERORDER: SELMACRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY, HUTCHISON, JENKINS & MEEKR, 1987

GRANDORDER: DAIOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MICRORDER: CENTROCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

ORDER: POLYCRPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUBORDER: PROCOELOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

INFRAORDER: CHELONOIDEA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

Superfamily: CHELONIOIDEA Oppel, 1811

Family: CHELONIIDAE Oppel, 1811

Gen. sp indet

SUBCLASS: DIAPSIDA OSBORN, 1903

INFRACLASS: EURYAPSIDA COLBERT, 1945

SUPERORDER: SAUROPTERYGIA OWEN 1860

GRANDORDER: EOSAUROPTERYGIA emend RIEPPEL, 1994

ORDER: PLESIOSAURIA OWEN, 1840 NON BLAINVILLE, 1835

SUBORDER: PLESIOSAURIA OWEN, 1840 NON BLAINVILLE, 1835

INFRAORDER: PLESIOSAUROMORPHA NOVA

EUPLESIOSAURIA O’KEEFE, 2001

Superfamily: ELASMOSAUROIDEA Cope, 1869

Family: ELASMOSAURIDAE Cope, 1869

Incertae sedis

Elasmosaurus sp

INFRACLASS: NEODIAPSIDA BENTON, 1985

LEGION: LEPIDOSAUROMORPHA BENTON, 1983

SUBLEGION: LEPIDOSAURIA HAECKEL, 1866 (DUMERIL & BIBRON, 1839)

MAGNORDER: SQUAMATA, OPPEL, 1811

SUPERORDER: LACERTILIA OWEN, 1842

GRANDORDER: SCINCOGEKKONOMORPHA SUKHANOV, 1961

MICRORDER: SCINCOMORPHA CAMP, 1923

ORDER: ANGUIMORPHA FURBRINGER, 1900

SUBORDER: DIPLOGLOSSA COPE, 1864

INFRAORDER: THECAGLOSSA COPE, 1890

PARVORDER: MONSTERSAURIA NORELL & GAO, 1977

Superfamily: VARANOIDEA Camp, 1923

Family: VARANIDAE Gray, 1827

Gen. sp indet.

Family: MOSASAURIDAE Gervais, 1853

Incerate sedis

Gen. sp indet.

Infrafamily: NATANIA

Subfamily: RUSSELLOSAURINAE Bell, 1993

Tribe: PLIOPLATECARPINI Russell, 1967

Gen sp indet.

Subfamily: MOSASAURINAE Williston, 1897

Tribe: MOSASAURINI Russell, 1967

Mosasaurus lemonnieri

Tribe: LEIODONTINI Lingham-Soliar, 1993

Leiodon anceps

Tribe: GLOBIDENTINI Russell, 1967

Globidens phosphaticus
= Globidens sp

LEGION: ARCHOSAUROMORPHA HUENE, 1946

SUPERCOHORT: CRUROTARSI SERENO & ARCUCCI, 1990

COHORT: CROCODYLOTARSI BENTON & CLARK, 1988

MAGNORDER: SUCHIA KREBS, 1974

SUPERORDER: CROCODYLOMORPHA WALKER, 1968

ORDER: MESOSUCHIA EMEND HUXLEY, 1875

Gen. sp indet.

SUPERCLASS: AMNIOTA HAECKEL, 1866

CLASS: REPTILIA LAURENTI, 1768

SUBCLASS: CHELONOMORPHA KUHN, 1960

SUPERCOHORT: TESTUDINES LINNAEUS, 1758

COHORT: CASICHELYDIA emend GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MAGNORDER: PLEURODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

ORDER: PLEURODIRIDA COPE, 1864

SUBORDER: EUPLEURODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

Superfamily: PELOMEDUSOIDES Cope, 1868 Cope, 1868

Family: PELOMEDUSIDAE Cope, 1868

Subfamily: PELOMEDUSINAE Cope, 1868

Taphrosphys sulcatus
= Platemys sulcatus

MAGANORDER: CRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUPERORDER: SELMACRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY, HUTCHISON, JENKINS & MEEKR, 1987

GRANDORDER: DAIOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MICRORDER: CENTROCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

ORDER: POLYCRPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUBORDER: PROCOELOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

INFRAORDER: CHELONOIDEA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

Superfamily: CHELONIOIDEA Oppel, 1811

Family: CHELONIIDAE Oppel, 1811

Gen. sp indet

SUBCLASS: DIAPSIDA OSBORN, 1903

INFRACLASS: EURYAPSIDA COLBERT, 1945

SUPERORDER: SAUROPTERYGIA OWEN 1860

GRANDORDER: EOSAUROPTERYGIA emend RIEPPEL, 1994

ORDER: PLESIOSAURIA OWEN, 1840 NON BLAINVILLE, 1835

SUBORDER: PLESIOSAURIA OWEN, 1840 NON BLAINVILLE, 1835

INFRAORDER: PLESIOSAUROMORPHA NOVA

EUPLESIOSAURIA O’KEEFE, 2001

Superfamily: ELASMOSAUROIDEA Cope, 1869

Family: ELASMOSAURIDAE Cope, 1869

Incertae sedis

Elasmosaurus sp

INFRACLASS: NEODIAPSIDA BENTON, 1985

LEGION: LEPIDOSAUROMORPHA BENTON, 1983

SUBLEGION: LEPIDOSAURIA HAECKEL, 1866 (DUMERIL & BIBRON, 1839)

MAGNORDER: SQUAMATA, OPPEL, 1811

SUPERORDER: LACERTILIA OWEN, 1842

GRANDORDER: SCINCOGEKKONOMORPHA SUKHANOV, 1961

MICRORDER: SCINCOMORPHA CAMP, 1923

ORDER: ANGUIMORPHA FURBRINGER, 1900

SUBORDER: DIPLOGLOSSA COPE, 1864

INFRAORDER: THECAGLOSSA COPE, 1890

PARVORDER: MONSTERSAURIA NORELL & GAO, 1977

Superfamily: VARANOIDEA Camp, 1923

Family: MOSASAURIDAE Gervais, 1853

Incertae sedis

Gen. sp indet.

Infrafamily: NATANIA

Subfamily: RUSSELLOSAURINAE Bell, 1993

Tribe: PLIOPLATECARPINI Russell, 1967

Platecarpus ptychodon

Gen. sp indet.

Subfamily: MOSASAURINAE Williston, 1897

Tribe: LEIODONTINI Lingham-Soliar, 1993

Leiodon anceps

_____________________________________________________________________________________

SYRIA

PALMYRIDES CHAIN

PALMYRA AREA

KHNEIFISS MINE

PHOSPHATIC DEPOSIT

LATE CRETACEOUS

STEM: TETRAPODA GOODRICH, 1930

SUPERCLASS: AMNIOTA HAECKEL, 1866

CLASS: REPTILIA LAURENTI, 1768

SUBCLASS: CHELONOMORPHA KUHN, 1960

SUPERCOHORT: TESTUDINES LINNAEUS, 1758

COHORT: CASICHELYDIA emend GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MAGNORDER: PLEURODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

ORDER: PLEURODIRIDA COPE, 1864

SUBORDER: EUPLEURODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

Superfamily: PELOMEDUSOIDES Cope, 1868 Cope, 1868

Family: PELOMEDUSIDAE Cope, 1868

Subfamily: PELOMEDUSINAE Cope, 1868

Nigeremys group

MAGANORDER: CRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUPERORDER: SELMACRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY, HUTCHISON, JENKINS & MEEKR, 1987

GRANDORDER: DAIOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MICRORDER: CENTROCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

ORDER: POLYCRPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUBORDER: PROCOELOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

INFRAORDER: CHELONOIDEA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

Superfamily: CHELONIOIDEA Oppel, 1811

Family: CHELONIIDAE Oppel, 1811

Gen. sp indet

SUBCLASS: DIAPSIDA OSBORN, 1903

INFRACLASS: EURYAPSIDA COLBERT, 1945

SUPERORDER: SAUROPTERYGIA OWEN 1860

GRANDORDER: EOSAUROPTERYGIA emend RIEPPEL, 1994

ORDER: PLESIOSAURIA OWEN, 1840 NON BLAINVILLE, 1835

SUBORDER: PLESIOSAURIA OWEN, 1840 NON BLAINVILLE, 1835

INFRAORDER: PLESIOSAUROMORPHA NOVA

EUPLESIOSAURIA O’KEEFE, 2001

Superfamily: ELASMOSAUROIDEA Cope, 1869

Family: ELASMOSAURIDAE Cope, 1869

Incertae sedis

Elasmosaurus sp

INFRACLASS: NEODIAPSIDA BENTON, 1985

LEGION: LEPIDOSAUROMORPHA BENTON, 1983

SUBLEGION: LEPIDOSAURIA HAECKEL, 1866 (DUMERIL & BIBRON, 1839)

MAGNORDER: SQUAMATA, OPPEL, 1811

SUPERORDER: LACERTILIA OWEN, 1842

GRANDORDER: SCINCOGEKKONOMORPHA SUKHANOV, 1961

MICRORDER: SCINCOMORPHA CAMP, 1923

ORDER: ANGUIMORPHA FURBRINGER, 1900

SUBORDER: DIPLOGLOSSA COPE, 1864

INFRAORDER: THECAGLOSSA COPE, 1890

PARVORDER: MONSTERSAURIA NORELL & GAO, 1977

Superfamily: VARANOIDEA Camp, 1923

Family: MOSASAURIDAE Gervais, 1853

Incertae sedis

Gen. sp indet.

Infrafamily: NATANIA

Subfamily: RUSSELLOSAURINAE Bell, 1993

Gen. sp indet (Tribe Plioplatecarpini)

Tribe: PLIOPLATECARPINI Russell, 1967

Platecarpus ptychodon

Prognathodon giganteus

Gen. sp indet.

Subfamily: MOSASAURINAE Williston, 1897

Tribe: MOSASAURINI Russell, 1967

Mosasaurus lemonnieri

Gen. Sp indet.

Tribe: LEIODONTINI Lingham-Soliar, 1993

Leiodon anceps

Tribe: GLOBIDENTINI Russell, 1967

Globidens phosphaticus

= Globidens sp

LEGION: ARCHOSAUROMORPHA HUENE, 1946

SUPERCOHORT: CRUROTARSI SERENO & ARCUCCI, 1990

COHORT: CROCODYLOTARSI BENTON & CLARK, 1988

MAGNORDER: SUCHIA KREBS, 1974

SUPERORDER: CROCODYLOMORPHA WALKER, 1968

ORDER: MESOSUCHIA EMEND HUXLEY, 1875

Gen. sp indet.

 

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SYRIA

PALMYRIDES CHAIN

PALMYRA AREA

SOUKKARI MINE

PHOSPHATIC DEPOSIT

LATE CRETACEOUS

STEM: TETRAPODA GOODRICH, 1930

SUPERCLASS: AMNIOTA HAECKEL, 1866

CLASS: REPTILIA LAURENTI, 1768

SUBCLASS: CHELONOMORPHA KUHN, 1960

SUPERCOHORT: TESTUDINES LINNAEUS, 1758

COHORT: CASICHELYDIA emend GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MAGANORDER: CRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUPERORDER: SELMACRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY, HUTCHISON, JENKINS & MEEKR, 1987

GRANDORDER: DAIOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MICRORDER: CENTROCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

ORDER: POLYCRPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUBORDER: PROCOELOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

INFRAORDER: CHELONOIDEA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

Superfamily: CHELONIOIDEA Oppel, 1811

Family: CHELONIIDAE Oppel, 1811

Gen. sp indet

SUBCLASS: DIAPSIDA OSBORN, 1903

INFRACLASS: NEODIAPSIDA BENTON, 1985

LEGION: LEPIDOSAUROMORPHA BENTON, 1983

SUBLEGION: LEPIDOSAURIA HAECKEL, 1866 (DUMERIL & BIBRON, 1839)

MAGNORDER: SQUAMATA, OPPEL, 1811

SUPERORDER: LACERTILIA OWEN, 1842

GRANDORDER: SCINCOGEKKONOMORPHA SUKHANOV, 1961

MICRORDER: SCINCOMORPHA CAMP, 1923

ORDER: ANGUIMORPHA FURBRINGER, 1900

SUBORDER: DIPLOGLOSSA COPE, 1864

INFRAORDER: THECAGLOSSA COPE, 1890

PARVORDER: MONSTERSAURIA NORELL & GAO, 1977

Superfamily: VARANOIDEA Camp, 1923

Family: VARANIDAE Gray, 1827

Gen. sp indet.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

SYRIA

PALMYRIDES CHAIN

SOUKHNEH AREA

BARDEH MINE

PHOSPHATIC DEPOSIT

LATE CRETACEOUS

STEM: TETRAPODA GOODRICH, 1930

SUPERCLASS: AMNIOTA HAECKEL, 1866

CLASS: REPTILIA LAURENTI, 1768

SUBCLASS: CHELONOMORPHA KUHN, 1960

SUPERCOHORT: TESTUDINES LINNAEUS, 1758

COHORT: CASICHELYDIA emend GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MAGANORDER: CRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUPERORDER: SELMACRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY, HUTCHISON, JENKINS & MEEKR, 1987

GRANDORDER: DAIOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

MICRORDER: CENTROCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

ORDER: POLYCRPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

SUBORDER: PROCOELOCRYPTODIRA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

INFRAORDER: CHELONOIDEA GAFFNEY & MEYLAN, 1988

Superfamily: CHELONIOIDEA Oppel, 1811

Family: CHELONIIDAE Oppel, 1811

Gen. sp indet

SUBCLASS: DIAPSIDA OSBORN, 1903

INFRACLASS: NEODIAPSIDA BENTON, 1985

LEGION: LEPIDOSAUROMORPHA BENTON, 1983

SUBLEGION: LEPIDOSAURIA HAECKEL, 1866 (DUMERIL & BIBRON, 1839)

MAGNORDER: SQUAMATA, OPPEL, 1811

SUPERORDER: LACERTILIA OWEN, 1842

GRANDORDER: SCINCOGEKKONOMORPHA SUKHANOV, 1961

MICRORDER: SCINCOMORPHA CAMP, 1923

ORDER: ANGUIMORPHA FURBRINGER, 1900

SUBORDER: DIPLOGLOSSA COPE, 1864

INFRAORDER: THECAGLOSSA COPE, 1890

PARVORDER: MONSTERSAURIA NORELL & GAO, 1977

Superfamily: VARANOIDEA Camp, 1923

Family: MOSASAURIDAE Gervais, 1853

Gen sp indet.

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