FURCULA
in non-avian theropods
LEGION: ARCHOSAUROMORPHA HUENE, 1946
LEGION: DINOSAUROMORPHA BENTON & NORMAN IN BENTON, 1985
SUBLEGION: DINOSAURIFORMES NOVAS, 1992
SUPERCOHORT: DINOSAURIA OWEN, 1842
PLESION: DINOSAURIA GARDNER, 1982
ORDER: COELOPHYSIA NOVA
SUBORDER: COELOPHYSOIDEA (NOPCSA, 1928) HOLTZ, 1994
Superfamily: PODOKESAUROIDEA Madsen & Welles, 2000
Incertae sedis
Genus: Coelophysis COPE, 1889
C. bauri (COPE, 1887) COPE, 1889
Genus: Segisaurus CAMP,
1936
S. halli CAMP, 1936
Subfamily: COELOPHYSINAE Nopcsa, 1928
Genus: Megapnosaurus IVIE,
SLIPINSKI & WEGRZYNOWICZ, 2001
M. rhodesiensis (RAATH, 1969) IVIE, SLIPINSKI & WEGRZYNOWICZ,
2001 (Type)
Genus: Syntarsus RAATH, 1969
S. kayentakatae ROWE, 1989
COHORT: THEROPODA EMEND MARSH, 1881
Incertae sedis
SUPERORDER: NEOTHEROPODA BAKKER, 1986
GRANDORDER: CERATOSAURIA NOVAS, 1992
ORDER: CERATOSAURIA MARSH, 1884
Superfamily: ABELISAUROIDEA Novas, 1989
Family: ABELISAURIDAE Bonaparte & Novas, 1985
Subfamily: CARNOTAURINAE Sereno, 1998
Genus: Carnotaurus BONAPARTE, 1985
C. sastrei BONPARTE, 1985
ORDER: SPINOSAURIA OLSHEVSKY, 1991
Family: BARYONYCHIDAE Charig & Milner, 1986
Genus: Baryonyx CHARIG & MILNER, 1986
B. tenerensis (SERENO, BECK, DUTHEIL, GADO, LARSSON, LYON, MARCOT, RAUHUT,
SADLEIR, SIDOR VARRICCHIO, WILSON & WILSON, 1998) SUES, FREY, MARTILL & SCOTT,
2002
ORDER: NEOTETANURAE SERENO, WILSON, LARSSON, DUTHEIL & SUES, 1994
SUBORDER: AVETHEROPODA PAUL, 1988
Superfamily: ALLOSAUROIDEA (Marsh, 1878) Currie & Zhao, 1994
Family?
Genus: Aerosteon SERENO,
MARTINEZ, WILSON, VARRICCHIO, ALCOBER & LARSSON, 2008
A. riocoloradensis SERENO, MARTINEZ, WILSON,
VARRICCHIO, ALCOBER & LARSSON, 2008 (Type)
Family: CARCHARODONTOSAURIDAE Stromer, 1931
Subfamily: GIGANOTOSAURIDAE Coria & Saigado, 1995
emend
= Family: GIGANOTOSAURIDAE Coria & Saigado, 1995 emend
Genus: Mapusaurus CORIA & CURRIE,
2006
M. roseae CORIA & CURRIE, 2006 (Type)
Family: ALLOSAURIDAE Marsh, 1878
Genus: Allosaurus MARSH, 1877
A. fragilis MARSH, 1877
Genus: Nova DALLA VECCHIA, 2001
MICRORDER: COELUROSAURIA HUENE, 1914
ORDER: SEGNOSAURIA BARSBOLD & PERLE, 1980
Incertae sedis
Genus: Falcarius KIRKLAND,
ZANNO, SAMPSON, CLARK & DEBILEUX, 2005
F. utahensis KIRKLAND, ZANNO, SAMPSON, CLARK & DEBILEUX,
2005
Genus: Neimongosaurus ZHANG,
XU, ZHAO, SERENO, KUANG & TAN, 2001.
N. yangi ZHANG, XU, ZHAO, SERENO, KUANG & TAN, 2001
Family: SEGNOSAURIDAE Perle, 1979
Genus: Beipiaosaurus XU,
TANG & WANG, 1999
B. inexpectus XU, TANG & WANG, 1999
ORDER: MANIRAPTORFORMES HOLTZ, 1996
SUBORDER: COELURIA MARSH, 1881
Family: COMPSOGNATHIDAE Cope, 1875
Genus: Huaxiagnathus HWANG,
NORELL & JI & GAO, 2004
H. orientalis HWANG, NORELL & JI & GAO,
2004 (Type)
Genus: Scipionyx SASSO & SIGNORE,
1998
S. samniticus SASSO & SIGNORE, 1998 (Type)
Superfamily: TYRANNOSAUROIDEA (Osborn, 1905) Bonaparte ET AL, 1990
Family: TYRANNOSAURIDAE Osborn, 1906
Subfamily: TYRANNOSAURINAE Osborn, 1906
Tribe: ALBERTOSAURINI Olshevsky, Ford & Yamamoto, 1995
Genus: Albertosaurus OSBORN, 1905
A. sarcophagus OSBORN, 1905
Genus: Gorgosaurus LAMBE, 1914
G. libratus LAMBE, 1914
G. sp
Tribe: TYRANNOSAURINI Olshevsky, Ford & Yamamoto, 1995
Genus: Daspletosaurus RUSSELL, 1970
D. torosus RUSSELL, 1970
D. sp
Genus: Tyrannosaurus OSBORN,
1905
T. rex OSBORN, 1905
INFRAORDER: OVIRAPTOROSAURIA BARSBOLD, 1976
Incertae sedis
Genus: Protarchaeopteryx JI & JI,
1997
P. robusta JI & JI, 1997 (Type)
Family: CAUDIPTERIDAE Zhou & Wang, 2000
= AVIFILOPLUMA GAUTHIER & DE QUEIROZ, 2001 (partim)
Genus: Caudipteryx JI,
CURRIE, NORELL & SHU-AN, 1998
C. zoui JI, CURRIE, NORELL & SHU-AN,
1998 (Type)
Family: OVIRAPTORIDAE Barsbold, 1976
Subfamily: OVIRAPTORINAE Barsbold, 1981
Genus: Citipati CLARK,
NORELL & BARSBOLD, 2001
C. osmolskae CLARK, NORELL & BARSBOLD,
2001 (Type)
Genus: Heyuannai LU, (2002)
2003
H. huangi LU, (2002) 2003
Genus: Oviraptor OSBORN, 1924
O. philoceratops OSBORN, 1924
Subfamily: INGENIINAE Barsbold, 1981
Genus: Ingenia BARSBOLD,
1981
I. yanshini BARSBOLD, 1981 (Type)
Genus: Khaan CLARK,
NORELL & BARSBOLD, 2001
K. mckennae CLARK, NORELL & BARSBOLD, 2001
(Type)
SUBORDER: MANIRAPTORA GAUTHIER, 1986
INFRAORDER: PARVES SERENO, 1997
PARVORDER: DEINONYCHOSAURIA COLBERT & D. A. RUSSELL, 1969
Family: DROMAEOSAURIDAE D. A. Russell, 1069
Subfamily: MICROPTORINI Senter, Barsbold, Brooks & Burnham, 2004
Genus: Bambiraptor BURNHAM,
DERSTLER, CURRIE, BAKKER, ZHOU & OSTROM, 2000
B. feinbergorum emend BURNHAM, DERSTLER,
CURRIE, BAKKER, ZHOU & OSTROM, 2000 (Type)
Genus: Microraptor XU,
ZHOU & WANG, 2000
M. zhaoianus XU, ZHOU & WANG, 2000 (Type)
Genus: Sinornithosaurus XU,
WANG & WU, 1999
S. millenii XU, WANG & WU, 1999
(Type)
Subfamily: VELOCIRPATORINAE Barsbold, 1978
Genus: Velociraptor OSBORN, 1924
V. mongoliensis OSBORN, 1924
Subfamily: UNENLAGIINAE Bonparte, 1999
Genus: Buitreraptor MAKOVICKY,
APESTEGUIA & AGNOLIN, 2005
B. gonzalezorum MAKOVICKY, APESTEGUIA & AGNOLIN,
2005 (Type)
Family: TROODONTIDAE Gilmore, 1924
Genus: Mei XU & NORELL,
2004
M. long XU & NORELL, 2004 (Type)
Genus: Sinornithoides RUSSELL & DONG,
1993
S. youngi RUSSELL & DONG, 1993 (Type)
Genus: Troodon LEIDY, 1856
T. formosus LEIDY, 1856
COHORT: ORNITHISCHIFORMES COOPER, 1985
SUPERORDER: PROSAUROPODAMORPHA Nova
ORDER: PROSAUROPODA HUENE, 1920 (emend)
SUBORDER: PLATEOSAURIA TORNIER, 1913
Family: MASSOSPONDYLIDAE Huene, 1914
Note the following dinosaurs have been attributed with furcula.
Massospondylus COOPER, 1981
Family: PLATEOSAURIDAE Marsh, 1895
Plateosaurus
Note: HUENE, 1926 found a furcula.
SUPERORDER: SAUROPODOMORPHA HUENE, 1932
GRANDORDER: BRONTOSAURIA OLSHEVSKY, 1991 (emend)
MICRORDER: SAUROPODA MARSH, 1878
ORDER: EUSAUROPODA
SUBORDER: NEOSAUROPODA BONAPARTE, 1986
INFRAORDER: HOMALOSAUROPIA JANENSCH, 1929
PARVORDER: DIPLODOCIMORPHA CALVO & SALGADO, 1995
Superfamily: DIPLODOCOIDEA Upchurch, 1995
Family: DIPLOCODIDAE Marsh, 1884
Note: Possible furcula have been identified in Diplodocus, HATCHER, 1901, 1903, HOLLAND 1906.
MAGNORDER: ORNITHISCHIA SEELEY, 1888
SUPERORDER: NEORNITHISCHIA COOPER, 1985
GRANDORDER: ORNITHOPODA MARSH, 1871
MICRORDER: MARGINOCEPHALIA SERENO, 1986
ORDER: CERATOPIA MARSH, 1890
SUBORDER: NEOCERATOPIA SERENO, 1986
Family: PSITTACOSAURIDAE Osborn, 1923
Genus: Psittacosaurus OSBORN, 1923
P. mongoliensis OSBORN, 1923
P. sinensis YOUNG,
1958
INFRAORDER: CORONOSAURIA SERENO, 1986
Family: PROTOCERATOPIDAE Granger & Gregory, 1923
Subfamily: PROTOCERATOPINAE Nesov, Kaznyshkina & Cherepanov, 1989
Genus: Protoceratops GRANGER & GREGORY, 1923
P. andrewsi GRANGER & GREGORY, 1923
Subfamily: LEPTOCERATOPINAE Nopcsa, 1923
= Subfamily: LEPTOCERATOPSINAE Nopcsa, 1923
Genus: Leptoceratops BROWN, 1914
L. gracilis BROWN, 1914