Genus: Pliosaurus OWEN, 1841
Etymology: Greek, pleon, “more” and Greek, sauros, “lizard”:
More saurian.
= Stretosaurus TARLO 1959
Etymology: In reference to Stretham, England, and Greek, sauros, “lizard”:
Stretham lizard.
= Strongylokrotaphus NOVOZHILOV, 1964
Etymology: Greek, strongylos, “round” and Greek, krotaphos, “temple
(or head)”, Rounded temples.
Species: brachyspondylus OWEN, 1841
Etymology:
= Plesiosaurus brachyspondylus (OWEN, 1841) LYDEKKER, 1889
Neotype: CAMSM J. 29564
Locality: Roswell Pits, Ely, (TL 555808, TL 552807), Cambridgeshire County,
England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Lower Kimmeridge Clay Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Aulacostephanus mutabilis or Aulacostephanus euxodus ammonite zone.
Age: Early Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Posterior cervical centra.
Referred material:
Locality: Zhukino, Moscow basin, European Russia.
Horizon: Portlandian.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Teeth and vertebrae.
BARDET, 1994
Locality: France.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Oxfordian Stage, Lower Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Mandible.
BARDET, MAZIN & MARTIN, 1993
= Pliosaurus grandis SAUVAGE, 1902
Locality: Moulin-Wibet, Boulonnais, France.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
BHN2R.370: Lower jaw.
Locality: Havre, Normandie, France.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
MNHN cat.24.1: Lower Jaw.
Locality: Roswell Pits, Ely, (TL 555808, TL 552807), Cambridgeshire County,
England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Lower Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
SM 35991: Lower jaw.
CARPENTER, 1995
Locality: La Farge (Formerly Blue Circle) Cement’s clay pit at Westbury,
Wiltshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Lower Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy: Aulacostesphanoides eudoxus zone.
Age: Lower Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Skull and nearly complete skeleton.
DELAIR, 1959
Locality: Kimmeridge Bay, Gaulter Gap-Broad Bench, Dorset County, England,
Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Lower Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Early Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
BMNH R 1277: Anterior dorsal centra.
= Plesiosaurus recentior PARKSINSON, 1822
Etymology:
= Plesiosaurus giganteus CONYBEARE, 1824 (partim)
Locality: Weymouth, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Cervical vertebrae.
Note: Destroyed during WWII.
Referred material:
OWEN, 1839
Locality: Headington Pits, Oxford, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern United
Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Cervical vertebrae.
TARLO, 1959
Locality: Ely, Cambridgeshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Sedgwick Museum J. 35991: Cervical, pectoral, dorsal vertebrae, left scapula,
lateral half of left coracoid, squamosal, mandibular symphysis, abdominal ribs,
part of pubis, left femur and teeth.
= Spondylosaurus frearsi FISCHER de WALDHEIM, 1845
Etymology:
= Pliosaurus frearsi (FISCHER de WALDHEIM, 1845) KUHN, 1934
Holotype:
Locality: Moscow Region, European Russia?
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Cervical centrum.
= Pliosaurus wosinskii FISCHER de WALDHEIM, 1846
Etymology:
Holotype:
Locality: Moscow Basin, European Russia.
Horizon: Kimmeridge.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Teeth in fragment of a jaw.
= Plesiosaurus nitidus PHILLIPS, 1871
Etymology:
Holotype:
Locality: Shotover, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Posterior cervical centrum.
NON Plesiosaurus brachyspondylus 1871
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: brachydeirus (OWEN, 1841) OWEN, 1869
Etymology:
= Plesiosaurus brachydeirus OWEN, 1841
Holotype: OUMNH J. 9245, J. 9285, J. 9292-9298
Locality: Market Rasen, Lincolnshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Rasenia cymodoce ammointe zone.
Age: Lower Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Teeth, lower and upper jaws, vertebral column, femur, tibia and
fibula.
Referred martial:
Locality: Osmington, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Dorset County Museum G. 102: Anterior cervical centrum.
Locality: Chettisham, near Ely, Cambridgeshire County, England, Southern United
Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Sedgwick Museum J. 47225: Anterior cervical centrum.
BENTON & SPENCER, 1995
Locality: Roswell Pits, Ely, (TL 555808, TL 552807), Cambridgeshire County,
England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Lower Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
Locality: Chawley Brick Pit, Hurst Hill, Cumnor, National Grid reference SP
475 043, 2. 5 miles WSW of the centre of Oxfordshire County, England, Southern
United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy: Aulacostrephanus pseudomutablilis zone.
Age: Lower Upper Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
DELAIR, 1959
Locality: Smallmouth Sands, Weymouth, (SY 669764-SY 672772), Dorset County,
England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Lower Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Teeth and vertebrae.
Locality: Isle of Portland, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Teeth and vertebrae.
Locality: Kimmeridge Bay, Gaulter Gap-Broad Bench, Dorset County, England,
Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
BMNH R205: Lumbar and caudal vertebrae.
Locality: Osmington, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
BMNH R38: Anterior extremity of a cranium.
Locality: Isle of Portland, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Portland Oolite.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
BMNH R1679: Head of an ischium.
BMNH R1680: Distal portion of a propodial.
LYDEKKER, 1889
Locality:
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age:
Material:
BMNH 24684
PERSSON
Locality: La Poterie, Boulogne-sur-mer, Pas-de-Calais Department, France.
Horizon: Upper Portlandian.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Vertebrae.
PHILLIPS, 1871
Locality:
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age:
Material:
University Museum, Oxford: J. 10437:
J. 10438:
J. 10439:
J. 10460:
WOODS, 1891
Locality: Cotteham, Cambs, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Woodwardian Museum: Vertebra.
= Plesiosaurus giganteus CONYBEARE, 1824 (partim)
Etymology:
Holotype:
Locality: Weymouth, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Vertebrae.
= Plesiosaurus sterrodeirus SEELEY, 1869
Etymology:
Holotype:
Locality: Ely, Cambridgeshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Basi-occipital and 6 vertebrae.
= Pliosaurus suprajurensis SAUVAGE, 1879
Etymology:
Holotype:
Locality: Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais Department, France.
Horizon: Portlandian.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Anterior cervical centrum.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: archiaci (DESLONGCHAMPS vide LENNIER, 1870) )
SAUVAGE, 1894
Etymology:
= Polyptychodon archiaci DESLONGCHAMPS vide LENNIER, 1870)
Holotype:
Locality: Le Havre, France.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Mandible.
Referred material:
SAUVAGE, 1894
Locality: Boulannais, France.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Upper Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: macromerus (GIEBEL, 1847) PHILLIPS, 1871
Etymology:
= Plesiosaurus macromerus GIEBEL, 1847
= Stretosaurus macromerus (GIEBEL, 1847)
TARLO, 1959
= Liopleurodon macromerus (GIEBEL, 1847) HALSTEAD, 1989
Lectotype: OUMNH J. 10441
Locality: Swindon, Wiltshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Upper Kimmeridge Clay Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Pectinatites hudlestoni to Pavlovia pallasioides ammonite zones.
Age: Late Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Anterior cervical centrum.
Syntype: University Museum, Oxford, J. 10437
Locality: Swindon, Wiltshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Anterior cervical centrum.
Syntype: J. 104378
Locality: Shotover Hill, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Anterior cervical centrum.
Syntypes
Locality: Swindon, Wiltshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
J. 10439: Anterior cervical centrum.
J. 10445: Dorsal centrum.
J. 12498: Femur.
Syntype: J. 10441
Locality: Shotover railway cutting, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern
United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Anterior cervical centrum.
Syntype: J. 10444
Locality: Sandford, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Posterior cervical centrum.
Syntype: J. 10460
Locality: St. Giles, Oxford, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern United
Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Caudal centrum.
Referred material:
BENTON & SPENCER, 1995
Locality: Chawley Brick Pit, Hurst Hill, Cumnor, National Grid reference
SP 475 043, 2. 5 miles WSW of the centre of Oxfordshire County, England,
Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Upper Lower Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy: Aulacostrephanus pseudomutablilis zone.
Age: Early Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
DELAIR, 1959
Locality: Kimmeridge Bay, Gaulter Gap-Broad Bench, Dorset County, England,
Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
DCM G. 123: One of the largest and most complete pliosaurian limbs.
Locality: Kimmeridge, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
DCM G 132-133: Crowns of teeth.
Locality: Gillingham, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
BMNH R1246: Cervical and dorsal vertebrae.
Locality: Isle of Portland, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
BMNH R1685: Cervical and dorsal vertebrae.
Locality: Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
BMNH R1278: Cervical and dorsal vertebrae.
Locality: Motcombe near Shftesbury, Dorset County, England, Southern United
Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
BMNH 44117: Cervical and dorsal vertebrae.
Locality: Smallmouth Sands, Weymouth, (SY 669764-SY 672772), Dorset County,
England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Lower Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
DCM G 137: Imperfect teeth.
Locality: Osmington, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
DCM G 138: Imperfect teeth.
FRICKHINGER, 1994
Locality: Not Given, Germany.
Horizon: Solnhofen.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not Given: Tooth.
Note: Lost during WWII
= Pliosaurus cf. macromerus MALAKHOV, 1997, 1999
Locality: Talovka Ravine, Priuralsk District, Western-Kazakhstan Province,
Northwestern Kazakhstan.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Volgian, Tithonian Stage, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Institute of Zoology, MS-AS RK, no. 13-1958: Cervical, dorsal and caudal
vertebrae, and distal part of the right forelimb.
PERSSON
Locality: Mnjovniki, the Moscow basin, European Russia.
Horizon: Portlandian.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Teeth and vertebrae.
TARLO, 1957
Locality: Roswell Pits, Ely, (TL 555808, TL 552807), Cambridgeshire County,
England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Lower Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Lower Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Sedgwick Museum J. 46.911: Left scapula.
Locality: Shotover, Oxfordshire, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Sedgwick Museum J. 10.459: Right scapula.
Locality: Coppocks Pit, Shotover, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern
United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Mancester Museum 3175: Right scapula.
Locality: Coppock's pit, Shotover, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern
United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Mancester Museum 3174: Immature scapula.
TARLO, 1959
Locality: Cumnor, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
University Museum of Oxford J. 10454: Mandible.
Locality: Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
BMNH 39362: Mandible.
Locality: Stretham, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Sedgwick Museum
J. 35990a-z, aa-dd: Hind limb.
J. 35990A: Anterior cervical centra.
J. 35990C, 35990D: Posterior cervical centra.
J. 35990E: Pectoral centra.
J. 35990F, 35990G, 35990H: Caudal vertebrae.
J. 35990I: Caudal vertebrae.
J. 35990J, 35990K: Dorsal centra.
J. 35990O: Tooth.
J. 35990P: Fragment of mandible.
J. 35990R: Posterior cervical centrum.
J. 35990S, 35990T, 35990U, 35990V, 35990W: Dorsal centra.
J. 35990X: Symphysial portion of right coracoid.
J. 35990Y: Head of left humerus.
J. 35990Z: Shaft of humerus.
J. 35990AA: Distal end of humerus.
J. 35990BB: Radius.
J. 35990CC: Articular portion of girdle bone in 4 pieces.
J. 35990DD: Acetabular portion of pubis adjoining EE.
J. 35990EE: Acetabular portion of pubis adjoining DD.
J. 35990FF: Head of right femur.
J. 35990GG: Right tibia.
J. 35990xx, 35990yy, 35990zz: Anterior cervical vertebrae.
Also numerous fragments of phalanges, girdle bones and ribs.
Note: Left hind limb has pathological epipodials and tarsus (WELLS, 1964).
Locality: Foxhangers, near Devizers, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
BMNH R 46466a: Anterior cervical vertebrae.
Locality: From drift, Stanton, Bury St. Edmunds, east Suffolk County, England,
Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
BMNH R 6: Anterior cervical vertebra.
Locality: Cottenham, Cambs, Cambridgeshire County, England, Southern United
Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Sedgwick Museum, J. 29560-2, 19570: Anterior cervical vertebrae.
Locality: Cumnor, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
University Museum, Oxford J. 12499: 1-12, twelve caudal vertebrae.
Locality: Horspath, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
University Museum, Oxford J. 10442, 10443: Anterior cervical vertebrae.
Locality: Cap de la Heve, France.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Fragmentary mandible.
TARLO, 1989
Locality: Found beneath the concrete floor of the main workshop of British
Rail Engineering, Swindon, Wiltshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic..
Material:
BMNH R8928: A complete, albeit disarticulated skeleton.
= Pliosaurus grandis OWEN, 1839
Referred material:
OWEN, 1869
Locality: Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
NHMUK 39362: Fragmentary skull and lower jaw.
OWEN, 1839
Locality: Oxford, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern United
Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Tooth.
SAUVAGE, 1894
Locality: Boulannais, France.
Horizon: Late Portlandian.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given:
= Pliosaurus brachydeirus SEELEY, 1869
Locality: Cottenham, Cambs, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Sedgwick Museum J. 29570: Posterior cervical vertebrae.
Referred material:
LYDEKKER, 1889
Locality: Isle of Portland, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Material: Portland Oolite.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
BMNH R1681: The crowns of 3 associated teeth.
BMNH R1679: The head of an ischium.
BMNH R1680: The distal portion of a propodial bone.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: rossicus NOVZHILOW, 1948
Etymology:
= Pliosaurus? grandis ROZHDESTVENSKY, 1947
= Liopleurodon rossicus (NOVZHILOW, 1948) HALSTEAD, 1971
Holotype: PIN 304/1, 1938
Locality: Right bank of Volga (Povolzh’e) river, Boinsk, Ibresi District,
Autonomous Republic of Chuvashia, European Russia.
Horizon: Buinsk Mine Oil Shales.
Biostratigraphy: Dorsoplanites panderi zone.
Age: Middle Volgian, Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Skull missing most of the posterior end, scapulae and coracoid with
perhaps a few other elements.
Referred material:
ROZHDESTVENSKII, 1947
Locality: Left bank of the Volga River, Zavolzh’e, Ozink Mine, Saratov
Province, European Russia.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy: Dorsoplanites panderi zone.
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
PIN 2440/1: Enormous rostrum.
Note: Was discovered complete but was incorrectly collected and only the
rostrum is left (STORRS, ARKHANGEL’SHII & EFIMOV, 2000)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: irgisensis (NOVOZHILOV, 1948) TARLO, 1960
Etymology:
= Peloneustes irgisensis NOVOZHILOV, 1948
= Strongylokrotaphus irgisensis (NOVOZHILOV,
1948) NOVOZHILOV, 1964
Holotype: PIN 426
Locality: Savel’evsk Mine No. 1, Saveljevsk, near Gorny, about 35 km
southwest of Pugachev, eastern Saratov, European Russia.
Horizon: Savel’evsk oil shales.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Volgian, Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Posterior portion of skull, a partial vertebral column and an articulated
hind limb.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: portentificus NOE, SMITH & WALTON, 2004
Etymology: Latin, portentificus, "marvellous."
Holotype: CAMSM J.46380
Locality: Quarry in Ely, Cambridgeshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy: Aulacostephanus mutabilis to Aulacostephanus
eudoxus ammonite
zones.
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Incomplete mandible preserving the entire dentary mandibular symphysis
and part of the right dentary mandibular ramus.
Referred material:
DELAIR, 1959
Locality: Ringstead, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
DCM G. 117: 2 incomplete mandibles.
ETCHES, 1999
Locality: Hobarrows Bay, “Dorset County, England, Southern United
Kingdom.”.
Horizon:
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Note: For a more precise locality data see ETCHES, 1999 in ETCHES & CLARKE,
1999
Material:
K1: 2m long mandible.
Note: Identified by Steve Etches.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: funkeorum emend KNUTSEN, DRUCKENMILLER & HURUM, 2012D
= Pliosaurus funkei KNUTSEN, DRUCKENMILLER & HURUM, 2012D
Etymology: Latin (gender, masculine), in honour of Bjørn Funke, the
discoverer of PMO 214.135, and his wife May-Liss Knudsen Funke who have dedicated
several years of volunteer labour to the paleontologicla collections at the
University of Oslo Natural History Museum. The authors incorretly coined the
species name, and because it is named in honor of two people, the correct ending
is -orum, not -i).
= Genus: Nova KNUTSEN, DRUCKENMILLER, HURUM & NAKREM, 2009
Holotype: PMO 214.135
Locality: South of Sassenfjorden, southeast side of Mount Knerten, Norwegian
archipelago, Svalbard Island, Norway.
Horizon: Approximately 30 meters below the Myklegardfjellet bed, Slottsmøya
Member, Agarhdfjellet Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Dorsoplanites ilovaiskyi to Dorsoplanites
maximus ammonite zone.
Age: Middle Volgian (Tithonian Stage), Upper Malm Epoch, Upper Late Jurassic.
Material: Partial skeleton consisting of the anterior portions of the upper
and lower jaws, including premaxillary and dentary teeth, one nearly complete
cervical centrum and 2 partial cervical centra, 3 pectoral centra with neurla
arches, 15 dorsal centra and 8 neural arches, a complete right coracoid, the
right forelimb including the humerus, epipodials, three mesopodials, and phalanges,
numerous rib fragments and grastralia
Referred material:
PMO 214.136: Partial skull including the occipital condyle, a complete left
quadrate, and a partial left squamosal, an incomplete (?) surangular and articular,
left retroarticular process, 5 partial cervical centra, 1 partial centrum,
several fragmentary and unidentified bones.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: kevani
BENSON, EVANS, SMITH, SASSOON, MOORE-FAYE, KETCHUM, & FORREST,
2013
Etymology: In honor of Kevan Seheehan, the main collector of DORCM G.13,675.
The name is in tribute to the underestimated and undervalued Kevans of this world.
Holotype: DORCM G.13,675
Locality; Wyke Siltstone bed, Osmingont Bay, Dorset County, England, Southern
United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay Formation, Ancholme Group.
Biostratigraphy: Rasenia cymodoce zone.
Age: Early Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Skull.
Referred material:
Locality: Ely, Cambridgeshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
LEICT (New Walk Museum and Art Gallery, Leicester, United Kingdom): Tooth.
= Stretosaurus macromerus TARLO, 1957
Locality: Village of Stretham, Near Ely, Cambridgshire County, England, Southern
United Kingdom.
Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy:
Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Sedgwick Museum J. 35990: 5 cervical, 8 dorsal vertebrae, scapula, coracoid,
humerus and ribs.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: carpenteri BENSON, EVANS, SMITH, SASSOON, MOORE-FAYE, KETCHUM, & FORREST,
2013
Etymolgoy: In honor of Simon Carpenter, who discovered and collected BRSMG Cd6172.
= Pliosaurus nova SASSOON,
NOE & BENTON, 2011
Holotype: BRSMG Cd6172
Locality: A new quarry at the Lafarg cement works, Westbury,Wiltshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Lower Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy: Located 1 m below the Crussoliceras ‘limestone’ horizon, eudoxus biozone
(Birkelud et al. 1983).
Age: Lower Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Fragmentary skull.
Note: Has three, and possibly four, pathological conditions. Dorsomedial to
left maxillary alveolus 9, on the palatal surface has a mass of callosal tissue
forming a lump, lateral and slightly dorsal to right dentary funcional alveoli
9-11 are three cavities that resemble shallow slightly oblique and distorted
funcional alveoli, the glenoid surfaces of the articulars are several pockmarked
with cavities of farious sizes, both retroarticular processes have been eroded
down to stumps.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: westburyensis BENSON, EVANS, SMITH, SASSOON, MOORE-FAYE, KETCHUM, & FORREST,
2013
Etymology: In reference to the town of Westbury,
Wiltshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom near which BRSMG Cc332
was found.
= Pliosaurus sp TAYLOR, NORMAN & CRUICKSHANK, 1993, GRANGE, STORRS,
CARPENTER & ETCHES,
1996
Holotype: BRSMG Cc332
Locality: Old quarry, La Farge (Formerly Blue Circle Industries) pic Westbury
Works (NGR ST 8817 5267), approximately 1 km northeast of the town of Westbury,
Wiltshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Lower Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy: Subdivision E5 of the Aulacostephanus exodus biozone, k=kocated
1 m below the Crussoliceras ‘limestone’ horizon, eudoxus biozone
(Birkelud et al. 1983).
Age: Upper Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Complete skull and mandible and fragmentary skeleton.
Note: Found in stomach region, BRSMG Cc332eu, Cc332j, Cc332du: Thyreophora
Gen. sp indet, Two of these three symmetrical part of dermal elements.
Referred material:
cf. brachyspondylus GRANGE, STORRS, CARPENTER & ETCHES, 1996
Locality: New quarry, La Farge (Formerly Blue Circle Industries) pic Westbury
Works (NGR ST 8817 5267), approximately 1 km northeast of the town of Westbury,
Wiltshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.
Horizon: Lower Kimmeridge Clay.
Biostratigraphy: Located 7 m below the Crussoliceras ‘limestone’ horizon, eudoxus biozone
(Birkelud et al. 1983).
Age: Lower Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material:
Number: Not given: Partial skeleton.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: patagonicus GASPARINI & O’GORMAN, 2014
Etymology: In reference to the Patagonia region (Argentina), where the holotype
and only known specimen was collected.
= Stretosaurus sp GASPARANI, GONI & MOLINA, 1982
= Pliosaurus macromerus GASPARINI & FERNANDEZ, 1997
Holotype: MLP 80-V-29-1
Locality: Cerro Lotena, 70 km SE of Zapala, 39°11'S-69°39'W, Zapala
Department, Neuquen Province,
Argentina.
Horizon: Vaca Muerta Formation, Mendoza Group).
Biostraitgraphy:
Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Anterior part of the left maxilla, part of the skull roof adn palate
incompletely preesrved and affected by post-mortem displacement, and partially
preserved mandible.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Species: almanzaensis O’GORMAN, GASPARINI & SPALLETTI, 2018
Etymology:
= Pliosaurus sp GASPARINI & FERNANDEZ, 1997
Holotype: MOZ 3728P
Locality: Cajon de Almanza, 10 km east of Loncopue, Neuquen Province, Argentina.
Horizon: Vaca Muerta Formation.
Biostratigraphy: Substeueroceras koeneni Biozone.
Age: Late Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
Material: Basicarnium, complete palate, mandible and postcranial remains comprising a posterior cervical cenrum, dorsal centrahumera and proximal elemetns of the forelimb and femora.