Untitled Document

Genus: Cynognathus SEELEY, 1895
Etymology: Greek, kyn- (kyon), “dog” and Greek, gnathos, “jaw”: Dog jaw.
= Cynidiognathus HAUGHTON, 1922
Etymology: Greek, kynidion, “small dog, whelp” and Greek, gnathos, “jaw”: Dog jaw.
= Cynogomphius BROOM, 1932
Etymology: Greek, kyn- (kyon), “dog” and Greek, gomphios, “molar, jaw tooth”: Dog molar.
= Karoomys BROOM, 1903
Etymology: Karroo, Greek, mys, “mouse”: Karroo mouse.
= Lycognathus BROOM, 1913
Etymology: Greek, lykaina, “she-wolf” and Greek, gnathos, “jaw” + us: Wolf jaw.
= Lycaenognathus BROOM, 1925
Etymology:
= Lycochampsa BROOM, 1915
Etymology: Greek, lykos, “wolf” and Greek, khampsa, “crocodile”: Wolf crocodile.

Species: crateronotus SEELEY, 1895
Etymology:

Holotype: NHMUK PV (old BMNH) R2571

Locality: Lady Frere District, Transkei, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa..

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material: Fragmentary skull and fragmentary skeleton.

Referred material:

NHMUK PV (old BMNH) R 2572: Occiput.

NHMUK PV (old BMNH) R 3604: Maxilla.

NHMUK PV (old BMNH) R 4103: Fragmentary skull.

NHMUK PV (old BMNH) R 4101: Snout.

NHMUK PV (old BMNH) R3772a: Humerus.

PEECOOK, STEYER, TABOR & SMITH, 2017

Locality: Lower Ntawere (Drysdall & kitching's Locality 16) north of Sitwe, upper Luangwa Valley, Eastern Province, northeastern Zambia.

Horizon: Ntawere Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Anisian Stage, Lower Mid Triassic Epoch, Middle Triassic.

Material:

NHCC LB503: 2 isolated postcanie teeth, distal humerus, dorsal vertebrae, sacrum and left ilium.

WYND, PEECOOK, WHITNEY & SIDOR, 2017

Locality: Locality Z183, roughly 1.5 km northeast of the village of Uwanga wa Ndege, Songea District, Ruvuma Province, Tanzania.

Horizon: Lifua Member, Manda Beds.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Anisian Stage, Lower Mid Triassic Epoch, Middle Triassic.

Material:

NMT RB459: Partial left and right maxillae with weathered sectorial teeth, partial left and right dentaries with weahtered sectorial teeth, 18 presacral vertebrae, 2 sacral vertebrae, 18 caudal vertebrae, numeorus rib fragments, fragmentary pelvic material, both humeri, 1 proximal radius, the proximal half of the left ulna, both femora, the proximal portions of both tibiae, 1 distal tibia, 8 phalanges, 11 unguals, and other unidentified fragments.

NMT RB557: The distal half of a right femur.

= Cynognathus berryi SEELEY, 1895
Etymology:
= Cynogomphius berryi (SEELEY, 1895) BROOM, 1932

Holotype: BMNH R 3580

Locality: Lady Frere District, Transkei, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material: Anterior half of skull.

= Cynognathus platyceps SEELEY, 1895
Etymology:
= Lycaenognathus platyceps (SEELEY, 1895)

Holotype: Albany Museum 460

Locality: Below the railway bridge near Burgersdorp, Wonderboomrivier, alias Wonderboomspruit, Burghesdrop District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material: Skull.

Referred material:

BROILI & SCHRODER, 1934

Locality: Lady Frere District, Transkei, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material:

Number: Not given: Nearly complete skull.

KERMACK, MUSSETT & RIGNEY, 1973

Locality: South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material:

UCMP N 4906: Right lower jaw.

Institute fur Palaontologie und hisorishe Geologie Munich: Lower jaws.

= Karoomys browni BROOM, 1903
Etymology:

Holotype: SAM 5870

Locality: Aliwal North, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material: A tiny lower jaw with canine.

= Nythosaurus browni BROOM, 1912
Etymology:

Holotype: BP 5872

Locality: Aliwal North District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material: Fragmentary skull.

= Lycognathus ferox BROOM, 1913
Etymology: Latin, ferox, "wild, bold, fierce."
= Lycochampsa ferox (BROOM, 1913)
= Cynognathus ferox (BROOM, 1913)

Holotype: AMNH 5538

Locality: Winnaarsbaken, Burgersdorp District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material: Fragmentary skull.

= Cynidiognathus longiceps HAUGHTON, 1922
Etymology:
= Cynognathus longiceps (HAUGHTON, 1922)

Holotype: SAM 6224

Locality: Vaalbank, Prince Albert District, Western Cape Province, South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material: Skull.

= Cynidiognathus broomi HAUGHTON, 1922
Etymology: In honor of Robert Broom (1866-1951), Scottish-born paleontologist.
= Cynognathus broomi (HAUGHTON, 1922)

Holotype: SAM 1056

Locality: Kraaipoort, Aliwal North, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material: Incomplete skull.

= Lycaenognathus kannemeyeri BROOM, 1931
Etymology: In honor of Dr. Daniel Rossouw Kannemeyer (1843-1925), the South African fossil collector.
= Cynognathus kannemeyeri (BROOM, 1931)

Holotype: Albany Museum 2190

Locality: Burgersdorp, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material: Skull.

= Cynidiognathus merenskyi BROILI & SCHRODER, 1935
Etymology:
= Cynognathus merenskyi (BROILI & SCHRODER, 1935)

Holotype:

Locality: Lady Frere District, Transkei, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material: Skull lacking teeth.

= Cynariognathus seeleyi BROILI & SCHRODER, 1936
Etymology: In honor of H. G. Seeley.
= Cynognathus seeleyi (BROILI & SCHRODER, 1936)

Holotype: University of Munich

Locality: 2 miles south of Lady Frere District, Transkei, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material: Skull.

Referred material:

BRINK, 1955

Locality: Farm Eerstegelu, 13 miles from Burgersdorp, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material:

C2775, C2715, C2716, BP 315: Fragmentary skulls.

= Lycaenognathus sp BRINK 1955

BP M316

Locality: Eerstegeluk, 13 miles from Burgersdorp, McKay’s Nek near Lady Frere, Transkei, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Horizon: Burgersdorp Formation, Tarkastad Subgroup.

Biostratigraphy: Cynognathus zone (Kannemeyeria-Diademodon zone, KEYSER, 1979, SACS, 1980, Kannemeyeria zone, KEYSER & SMITH, 1977-77).

Age: Spathian Stage, uppermost Scythian Epoch to Anisian Stage, lowermost Mid Triassic Epoch, Early to Middle Triassic.

Material: Fragmentary dentary.

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Species: minor BONAPARTE, 1969
Etymology: Latin, minor, "minor, small."

Holotype: PVL 3859

Locality: Colonia Las Malvinas, Depto, de San Rafael, Mendoza Province, Argentina.

Horizon: Upper Puesto Viejo Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Early Triassic.

Material: Skull and mandibles in occulusion, with postdentary bones, humerus, a dorsal vertebra, and unidentified postcranial fragments.